Self Reflection - 1153 Words

I have been asked to write this essay as part of my assessment for the ILM Level 3 course that I am undertaking. This essay is to show my understanding of Leadership; the different styles of leadership and the effects it can have on staff. I am currently not supervising any members of staff but I aim to show how I have led in different situations. I am completing this course for my own personal development, as I would like to progress further in my career, now that my children are older. There are many qualities that a leader should possess, and I have outlined some of these below: Honesty; it is important to be honest, even when what you have to say may be negative. If you say you are going to do something then you should do this.†¦show more content†¦Urgency; the leader needs to be able to prioritise work and decide what is really urgent and what is not. Laissez-Faire – this is a French word which when translated means â€Å"let people do as they choose†. This style of leadership, in my opinion, is quite lackadaisical. The leader allows group members to work on their own, use their own initiative, and make their own decisions. Also sometimes known as delegative leadership. Laissez-Faire leaders give very little assistance and/or guidance to members of their team. This can be really effective in the situation where employees are skilled, motivated, experienced, intellectual, and capable of working on their own. It gives workers a sense of ownership and independence to decide when and how they will undertake their given task. Research has shown that this style of leadership results in the lowest productivity among group members, unfinished work and lost work hours. This style of leadership does not suit employees who perform to a better standard where they are given more instruction by their supervisors. Famous Laissez-Faire leaders; Queen Victoria, Herbert Hoover and Andrew Mellon. Autocratic – this is opposite from Laissez-Faire. The person in charge makes all the decisions with no input at all from staff. This style of leadership is perfect in situations where decisions urgently need to be made. The leader needs to knowShow MoreRelatedReflection On Self Development Through Reflection1854 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-development through reflection is a key issue of education and learning (Kennison, 2012), where you learn through experience (Tashiro, Shimpuku, Naruse and Matsutani, 2013), learn to self-evaluate (Duffy, 2013), identify gaps in knowledge and detect where further training or study is required to improve practice (Olarerin, 2013). Ultimately reflection is thought to be constant learning from practice, thus refining knowledge and experiences and putting them into practice (Naidoo, 2013). WithinRead MoreSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  on   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:Read MoreSelf Reflection : Self Esteem956 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-esteem is the comprehension of self-acknowledgement from the self and from others. Factors contributing to overall self-esteem includes; Self-worth, Self- tolerance and belief in oneself. (SOURCE4) Self-esteem is thought to begin as early as life and continue throughout existence with various changes as age progresses. (SOURCE#2) A sense of self-esteem outside of the norm can lead to problematic life occurrences. Both high and low self-perception can intervene with everyday life. People withRead MoreA Reflection On Self Esteem1054 Words   |  5 PagesSelf-esteem is a term used to describe how a person judges themselves in terms of being valued, accepted and worthy. This evaluation of one’s self is extremely important as a child moves through each stage of development. It can determine a child’s future success or fai lure. A positive self-esteem allows one to make gains in achievement through hard work and effort. They are prone to accepting new challenges and working hard to attain a goal. If they fail, they learn from their mistakes and formRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Esteem1571 Words   |  7 PagesMy overall score from the quiz was a 53. According to the results I am on the higher end of the moderate self-esteem. I agree with the assessment, under the context that self-esteem is interchangeable with the concept of self worth. Worthiness, generally speaking, is a immensely broad subject that lends itself exclusively to ones mental fiber and is either bolstered or berated by societal influence. Under those terms, I agree with some reservations. In the way I have understood the reading and reflectRead MoreReflection About Self Compassion1310 Words   |  6 PagesSelf Compassion and love are two things everyone needs to discover. When you discover the true concepts and apply them to your everyday life your outlook on life can be transformed. Using the concepts from the book â€Å"Self-Compassion† by Kristin Neff, I will discuss the idea of self-compassion and provide examples of my life experiences and strategies that I have used. Then I will use the concepts from the books â€Å"Lovability† by Robert Holden and â€Å"Whatever Arises Love That† by Matt Kahn to discuss theRead MoreReflection On Self Fulfilling Prophecy1044 Words   |  5 PagesSelf- fulfilling prophecy Journal #1 Being human comes with more complication from within. What we know of perception to life itself is short lived and long standing no matter the outcomes of our character. Self-fulfilling prophecy is presented in two different ways; one occurs when your own expectations influences your behavior. The second occurs when the expectations of one person governs another’s actions. Everyday our impressionable make-up is being challenged by our inner most thoughtsRead MoreSelf Reflection : Self-Reflection1436 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-Reflection This spring semester I have evolved as a writer and reader. This course has refreshed my memory with basic essential writing techniques and it has made me more proficient when it comes to writing. When it came to writing essays, I use to be so scared to turn them in. I was never a good writer and composing an essay was usually extremely tough. I would have multiple people proofread my essays, but I still doubted my work. Now when it comes to writing essays I feel more confidentRead MoreReflection On Self Reflection809 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reflection The purpose of this paper is to explain how I will plan to implement effective choices in improving a change in personal behavior and the improvement tours my fitness attitude. Wellness has a broader definition, than health, which it’s definition is the absence of disease and wellness is defined as the optimal health and vitality to living a healthy and fulfilling life. Also, is a process in which we become aware and we make choices to a better lifestyle. Maintaining an excellentRead MoreReflection Of Self Reflection And Self Restraint962 Words   |  4 Pagesthe new moon. This month is fundamentally a time where followers of the Islamic give up food, drinks, sex, smoking etc. for the main purpose of self reflection and self restraint. Prominent practices during Ramadan include, sawm, praying and reciting the Quran. All of the previously mentioned practices are believed to connect to spiritual reflection, self improvement and increased worship. Fasting during the month of Ramadan is both a duty and a great worship. The fast otherwise known as sawm which

The Prince And The Art Of War - 890 Words

1. General: During the early European renaissance, military and political influencer Niccolo Machiavelli published several influential works, including The Prince and The Art of War. His work s greatest impacts were expanding on the brutal nature of realpolitik and realism to maintain peace within a highly competitive system and promoting the war manpower shift from mercenaries to citizen militias with buy-in. Many nation-states use his political and military ideals as a basis for their own statecraft and military organizations. 2. Author’s Identity: Unlike many other previous writers on military thought, Machiavelli was not from pure or noble blood, although he was of enough social status to become literate. Instead, Machiavelli used his intellect to climb the social ladder the highest legs of Italian social order. From 1501 to 1521, Machiavelli worked as an influencer, author, and military leader. Rather than conceal his intellect to avoid prosecution or death, such as within a monastery, Machiavelli balanced a thin line between critical thought and appeasement in his allegorical experiences with Caesar Borgia. 3. Author’s Purpose and Intended Audience: While Machiavelli s writings can appeal to a wide international audience, Italian political and military leaders were his intended audience, especially those in turbulent city states. Although many of his concepts touch on lower level politics and tactical level operations, a majority of ideas are better suited forShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Nicolo Machiavellis The Prince And Sun Tzu1201 Words   |  5 PagesNicolo Machiavelli’s The Prince and Sun Tzu’s The Art of War both both provide directions for leadership with similar goals. The Prince is primarily geared towards providing valuable information about how a ruler of many principalities may govern different populations and acquire new lands. The Art of War provides us with a schematic of the optimal path to victory. This book is instead directed towards generals of powerful militaries with only the goal of winning. Concepts such as Machiavelli’s viewRead Mor eMachiavelli vs. Castiglione Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesIdeas on the same topic always seem to differ from person to person. This holds true to the ideas of Machiavelli and Castiglione. The Prince, written by Machiavelli, and The Courtier, written by Castiglione, are both somewhat how-to guides for nobility, royalty, and princes. However, there are many distinct differences among the ideas of Castiglione and Machiavelli. Castigliones philosophy leads down the path of a well-rounded person; a more peaceful manner. Machiavellis philosophy is more straightforwardRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli1020 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli in his work The Prince would disagree. Written for the Medici lords, The Prince offers advice on how to obtain and rule a principality. To do this, he must first explain the nature of man and adjust the method of ruling them accordingly. Machiavelli believes humans by nature are corrupt, so the Prince must also be corrupt to succee d. In order to prove Machiavelli’s opinion, it is first necessary to understand what he defines as success. Machiavelli believes that for a prince to be successful heRead MoreConnections Between Hitler And The Prince1307 Words   |  6 PagesConnections between Hitler and The Prince Hitler said, â€Å"Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Quote†). Adolph Hitler became the leader of the German Nazi party in 1933. His leadership was both loved and despised. He controlled the Nazi party for more than a decade (â€Å"Adolph Hitler†). Considering the length of Hitler’s reign, he must have had leadership qualities that people found admirable or they feared him so greatly that no one would attempt to overthrowRead More Machiavellis The Prince Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The state is the highest achievement of man, a progressive and elaborate creation of his free will. The individual, the leader, the people, cooperate in maintaining it.† This idea of state was put forth by Niccolo Machiavelli in The Prince, which was in essence a ruler’s handbook to governing and maintaining his land. Machiavelli conjured his theories for government by basing his ideas in his belief that men , especially men in power, tend to follow the same directions, and therefore by lookingRead MoreEssay about Plato vs Machiavelli1052 Words   |  5 Pageswhole was the main concern, and the ends always justified the means. Plato’s object was the creation of a utopian society--a civilization that abhorred war and centered itself upon moral virtue and honor. He saw war as evil; and evil was merely the failure of justice. He believed that there should be a standing army to defend the republic but that war for the sole purpose of waging battles was highly unjust. His utopian society was centered on creating society perfect; he sought to answer the probingRead More The prince Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pages Niccolo Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† attempts to explain the necessary tactics and required knowledge a ruler must attain in order to gain and maintain a successful reign. The novel serves as an abstract manual, addressing the definition of a good/bad ruler by placing emphasis on the required military organization, the character a ruler must posses, and the success that could be attained if a ruler should follow the guide. The scope in which the book is written is that of a schol arly observant. MachiavelliRead MoreMachiavellian Rulers Are Focused on War in Machiavelli’s The Prince1077 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† brought up some controversial characteristics on what a Machiavellian ruler is. The characteristic that was most stressed was that â€Å"A prince must have no other objective, no other thought, nor take up any profession but that of war.†(Machiavelli 37). With a main focus on the art of war a ruler can protect the state he governs from attacks against him and his state. Machiavelli offers us an analogy to prove the importance of war. He speaks of two men: one armed and one unarmedRead More Relevance of Machiavelli’s The Princeto Todays World Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relevance of The Prince to Todays World The only way it was possible to get ahead was to be part of the inner circle.   It didnt really matter what the issue was or what sort of implications it carried.   All that mattered was knowing the right person, having the right information, making the right introductions, and going to the right parties.   The most valuable information was not necessarily something you knew about an enemy but something you knew about a friend.   Staff and advisorsRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli : A Political Philosopher1666 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates was a moral philosopher whose goal was to search for truth and knowledge, Machiavelli was a political philosopher whose goal was to create a lasting society with a Prince that could hold power. Because of their clashing ideals, it is unlikely that Socrates would be supportive of a Machiavellian political system or Prince, though there are specific aspects of the society that Socrates would find appealing. One thing that both Socrates and Machiavelli would agree on is that people have limitations

Slowing US Economy Essay Example For Students

Slowing US Economy Essay Thearticle titled Fed Unlikely to Alter Course by John M. Berry of the WashingtonPost takes an interesting look at actions that Alan Greenspan his colleges ofthe Federal Reserve have been taking over the last 9 months to slow the economicgrowth of United States. The astonishing growth rate of 7. 3% is fueled by aneconomy that is in the midst of a high tech revolution. The articlealso explores the contrasting view of other economists that say that the Fed hasincreased interest rates too much in its attempts to slow the economy. The meansby which Alan Greenspan and the Federal Reserve have chose to slow the economyis through a monetary policy, or more specifically, an increase in the nationalinterest rate. The article states that the Fed officials have come to abroad agreement that they will keep raising the rates until growth slowsto a more sustainable pace to make sure inflation stays under control. Because of the booming economy and the investment in the stock market theexchange of money has increased for goods and services, which in turn increasesthe price level or the quantity of money demanded. By increasing the interestrates the Fed commits itself to adjusting the supply of money in the UnitedStates to meet that rate at a point of equilibrium. If the interest rate isincreased, less goods and services are demanded, and therefore will slow downthe economy and reduce the rate of inflation. The article points out that asstock prices have risen over the last couple of years, so have Americanhousehold wealth and consumer spending. This is precisely the cycle thatFed officials want to interrupt to slow growth before it fuels more inflation.At the time this article was written the stock market prices had fallen sharplyespecially in the technology sector. But the Fed continued on the path to raiseinterest rates further noting that the index that they closely follow andcontains a broader rage of public traded US stocks, the Wilshire 5000, is up forthe year. Even though they began raising rates gradually 9 months ago, it takesalmost a year for the economy to feel the full effects. In this case the resultsof the interest rates increased could be felt as last as the second half of2000. Yet the economy has not slowed down, and the demand for goods and servicescontinues to increase as wealth does. One of the ideas that has been presentedto Greenspan by the fed officials was to take bigger steps in raising theinterest rates. They feel that this will decrease the money demand in a quickerfashion. In turn these actions will lead to lower consumer spending, and thusdecrease the inflation rate. However, because of the erratic patterns in todayshigh tech economy Greenspan is expected to stick to his pattern of more gradualincreases to the interest rate. Eventually when monthly loan payments increaseenough, consumers will back on purchases and investments. The article points outan example where the rate for a new 30 year fixed-rate home mortgage is up to8. 5% from 7.75% nine months ago in June. In the situation of a $150,000 homeloan, this new interest rate will add almost $100 to each monthly payment. Overtime the full effect of the interest rates will be felt. One economist, JamesGlassman of Chase Securities takes a different look at the new interest rate. Hepoints out that the rates that the Fed has set are fairly high in comparison tothe rate of inflation as it is currently in the United States. The formula thatGlassman follows examines the inflation rate when food and energy items areexcluded because they are so volatile. With these items removed the rate ofinflation in the US is less than 2%. .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae , .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .postImageUrl , .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae , .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae:hover , .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae:visited , .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae:active { border:0!important; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae:active , .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueff442f07e84e39d4adbfc172f2621ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Egypt Essay As with other measurements, this rate canbe subtracted from the interest rates to find a real interest rate whichconsumers a paying. So in terms of 30-year home mortgage rate set at 8.5%, only6.5% of it is what the consumers are actually paying and the rest is accountedfor by inflation. Glassman goes further to point out that with inflationso low, wages arent going up all that fast. To be said more specifically,the interest rates are increasing faster than consumers wage increases. Thiswill eventually be felt in the tightening of the American economy. However withstock market fueling the incredible momentum

The American Dream Essays (400 words) - The Great Gatsby

The American Dream In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses many repeated references to time in order to draw attention to the so-called American Dream, which is something Jay Gatsby sorely desires in this novel. Time is the most important motif in The Great Gatsby, the word itself appears 87 times! Gatsby is constantly striving to get back to that perfect moment in time is to recapture Daisy's heart. These time references are expressed through all the literary techniques. Some episodes which symbolize time are when Gatsby knocks over the clock and his list of famous party guests written on a timetable. Time itself is a dissolution, and therefore symbolizes the irony of the American Dream, another dissolution. As time passes, Gatsby and his aspirations for realizing this Dream seem to drift farther and farther apart. Others in the novel are striving for this patriotic goal as well. Myrtle (who's name is a noxious weed vine, that strives to climb) thinks she can find it through love; love of Tom Buchanan's money. The yellow-gold car that killed her (gold representing riches) is really her passion for all things materialistic shattering her dream. George Wilson, probably the most honest character in the book, also thinks the answer to finding the dream is love, but real love; for Myrtle, and himself. When he thinks Gatsby has killed his love, he kills him and then himself, knowing that his version of the dream is unattainable. The two people who truly appear to live the dream are Tom and Daisy. But they cheat on each other and have no love for one another. What kind of dream is that? Jay Gatsby threw extravagant parties in order to see Daisy, who never showed (But, then again neither did he). He peered out of his mansion, a mere copy of grandeur, and watched other dreamers pass their time.And as for time, the novel begins with the phrase: In my younger and more vulnerable years... and ends with ...borne bck ceaselessly into the past. Both emphasize the ignificance of time. The only compliment Nick ever pays tsby shows how the American Dream is not so valid in theGreat Gatsby. As Nick is leaving Gatsby's house, he shoutsfrom the lawn,They're a rotten crowd....you're worth thewhole bunch put together. l in all, time has eroded all these characters' perception of the American Dream. English Essays

Free Essays on Effective Policing

â€Å"Effective Policing† As times change, so do the methods of criminals. Police are always looking for the quickest and most efficient way to catch the criminals. After studying three different forms of policing which include foot patrol police and motor vehicle police I found that bicycle police are not only quick to apprehend criminals, but they also help prevent crime because of their visual presence and their ability to maneuver quickly also aids them. One growing trend in law enforcement today is the utilization of mountain bicycles for patrol duty. Mountain bikes are quiet, cost efficient, extremely effective and are able to bridge the gap between the police cruiser and foot patrol. Studies have shown that citizens are more likely to approach a bike patrol officer over an officer in a car. This optimizes the department’s philosophy of community policing. Bicycle officers are better able to use all their senses, including sight, smell and hearing, to detect and address criminal activity. For one thing, bicycles are quiet and can be deployed very quickly. Bikes can be operated on streets, sidewalks, alleys, trails, and in areas that are hard to reach in cars. Many times bicycle officers ride up on top of criminal activity in progress. Then escaping from the police becomes unlikely. The San Antonio Police Department implemented a bicycle patrol unit in 1990. The Downtown area of San Antonio is a high-populated area and has many activities and small business operating daily. The SAPD bicycle unit’s mission is to be a visible deterrent to crime and an approachable source of assistance and information within the downtown area of San Antonio. The bike unit patrols the heavily populated downtown area both night and day assisting tourists, conventioneers, and local office workers and shoppers. San Antonio host many big events in the downtown area. Bicycle officers are able to mingle easily with big crowds, and can see over the... Free Essays on Effective Policing Free Essays on Effective Policing â€Å"Effective Policing† As times change, so do the methods of criminals. Police are always looking for the quickest and most efficient way to catch the criminals. After studying three different forms of policing which include foot patrol police and motor vehicle police I found that bicycle police are not only quick to apprehend criminals, but they also help prevent crime because of their visual presence and their ability to maneuver quickly also aids them. One growing trend in law enforcement today is the utilization of mountain bicycles for patrol duty. Mountain bikes are quiet, cost efficient, extremely effective and are able to bridge the gap between the police cruiser and foot patrol. Studies have shown that citizens are more likely to approach a bike patrol officer over an officer in a car. This optimizes the department’s philosophy of community policing. Bicycle officers are better able to use all their senses, including sight, smell and hearing, to detect and address criminal activity. For one thing, bicycles are quiet and can be deployed very quickly. Bikes can be operated on streets, sidewalks, alleys, trails, and in areas that are hard to reach in cars. Many times bicycle officers ride up on top of criminal activity in progress. Then escaping from the police becomes unlikely. The San Antonio Police Department implemented a bicycle patrol unit in 1990. The Downtown area of San Antonio is a high-populated area and has many activities and small business operating daily. The SAPD bicycle unit’s mission is to be a visible deterrent to crime and an approachable source of assistance and information within the downtown area of San Antonio. The bike unit patrols the heavily populated downtown area both night and day assisting tourists, conventioneers, and local office workers and shoppers. San Antonio host many big events in the downtown area. Bicycle officers are able to mingle easily with big crowds, and can see over the...

Archetype vs. Prototype

Archetype vs. Prototype Archetype vs. Prototype Archetype vs. Prototype By Mark Nichol What’s your type? Archetype and prototype are both suitable matches for referring to an exemplar and then there’s stereotype but among their senses are both similar and dissimilar meanings. Before we go into details, let’s look at the root word: Type (from the Latin term typus, â€Å"image,† ultimately derived from the Greek word typos, â€Å"impression†) is defined as â€Å"a model,† â€Å"a distinctive sign,† â€Å"a set of distinguishable qualities.† Idiomatic usage for the word includes â€Å"type A personality† (indicating a high-strung person, based on popular perception of a discredited psychological theory), â€Å"casting against type† (referring to when performers are selected for roles they don’t superficially seem suited for), and â€Å"not my type† (dismissal of another person because of personal incompatibility). In two senses, archetype and prototype are direct synonyms: They both mean â€Å"original pattern or model,† or â€Å"perfect example.† However, archetype (Latin, archetypum; Greek, arkhetypon), which literally means â€Å"first model,† also refers to C. J. Jung’s concept of an idea or image from the collective subconscious; it has a more intellectual connotation. The prefix arch- denotes the most accomplished or high ranking of a type (archrival, archvillain), as does the suffix -arch (patriarch, hierarch); -archy is the basis for terms describing a system of government (monarchy) or an organizational scheme (hierarchy). Interestingly, because the prefix was so often employed, as in the examples above, to describe a nefarious person, arch acquired an adjectival sense of â€Å"mischievous, impudent.† (The arch in, well, arch, referring to a structural member, has a different etymology and is akin to arc.) Prototype has the same literal meaning, but its primary sense is more utilitarian, referring to a standard configuration, the initial model of a constructed object, or an earlier version of an organism or a device. The proto- prefix is relatively obscure, occurring mostly in scientific terminology (protoplasm, â€Å"beginning molding,† and protozoa, â€Å"beginning animal,† are examples of its use most familiar to laypeople); the root word, as an integral part of a larger term rather than as a suffix, appears in protocol (from a Greek term meaning â€Å"first sheet,† referring to a code or convention dictating proper procedure). Stereotype means â€Å"something that matches a fixed or universal pattern,† but unlike the other terms, it usually has a negative connotation: It refers to an idea, carelessly formed based on ignorance or bigotry, that one class of people generally understands to be, well, typical of another class. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know10 Techniques for More Precise WritingEmpathic or Empathetic?

Space Shuttle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Space Shuttle - Essay Example Nixon and vice president Spiro T. Agnew. They presented their objective after evaluating the previous studies related to shuttle science. First, to have a national space strategy and second, to build a space shuttle. The big question took place while the earliest development of space shuttle, the debate was about the optimal shuttle design with the purpose of best balanced capability, development cost and operating cost. Eventually the already existing design was selected, using a reusable winged orbiter, solid rocket boosters, and expendable external tank. The Shuttle program was officially commenced on January 5, 1972, just after the announcement that NASA would precede with the development of a reusable Space Shuttle system by President Nixon. The final design was less pricey to manufacture and less technically striving as compared to the earlier fully reusable designs. When the Apollo space program was about to finish, NASA officials were looking at the big picture of the American space program. They used one-shot, disposable rockets. All they wanted is a cost effective, reliable rocket and something which is reusable. This main idea of space shuttle being reusable was that it could launch like a real rocket but land like an airplane which would be considered as one of the greatest technical achievement. As soon as NASA began to study the ... President Nixon in 1972 announced that NASA would develop a reusable space shuttle or space transportation system (STS). Later it was decided that the shuttle would consist of an orbiter directly attached to the solid rocket boosters and also an external fuel tank. It was awarded the prime contract to Rockwell International. Then, spacecraft which were made used ablative heat shields that would burn away as the spacecraft re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. Where as, if the rocket is to be reusable it has to use the different strategy. So the designers and manufacturer of the space shuttle suggested an idea which was to use many insulating ceramic tiles to cover the space shuttle which could absorb the heat of re-entering without hurting the astronauts. As the shuttle was to fly like a plane (more like a glider), while landing. So a working orbiter was also built up for testing the aerodynamic design, but it won't go into the outer space. This orbiter was named the Enterprise afterwards it was known as the "Star Trek" starship. So this required test flights which Enterprise took care of the numerous test flights and landings, where it was launched from a Boeing 747 and glided to a landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California. At last, after many years of constructing and testing of orbiters, main engines, external fuel tanks and solid rocket boosters, the shuttle was ready to fly. There were total four shuttles made - Columbia, Discovery, Atlantis and Challenger. The first flight was of Columbia Space Shuttle in 1981, piloted by astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen. It was the successful flight which Columbia performed and later other shuttles made several successful flights. But

Business Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Communications - Essay Example In the same manner the power point presentations devised by the managers to transmit a potential business message to the target business audience also gains effectiveness in that the same contributes in development of business or in meeting objectives relating to profit and business growth. Thus the information transmitted whether through media or through power point presentations must indeed be sensible enough in meeting the information needs of the target audiences to help achieve the end objectives. Thus Jerry Weissman is definitely right in putting the statement ‘media sensibility applied to business community’. Thus a power point presentation created by a business community needs to follow or satisfy certain salient points in order to become sensible in its approach. Here the power point presentation is to be considered as a potential medium like the broadcasting programs aired on television or radio through which the right and effective message needs to be conveyed to the target audience. Firstly the presentation must be prepared to render points in a clarified fashion to help the audience get a clear understanding of the message that is needed to be conveyed. Secondly apart from having clear points of view the presentation must also have clear benefits or positive attributes such that it contributes in the development of the present business situation. Thirdly it must be kept in mid by the presenter that the information need to possess a clear flow or structure to help the target audience grab the sequence of the information flow. Overlapping or leap in the flow of the information renders confusion to the information processing function and thereby distorts the meaning of the message conveyed. Similarly in the fourth case the power point presentation must not contain information that is irrelevant or excess in nature. Rather information rendered must be effectively evaluated as such that contributes in meeting the information objectives of t he end recipient. Finally the information rendered through the power point medium must not be over exhaustive. Rather the length of the message must be cut short to reduce the element of boredom relating to the end recipients. These things kept in mind would contribute in enhancing the efficacy of the power point presentations in acting as a potential medium for transmission of business messages to the target business audiences. Therefore an efficient presenter needs to effectively evaluate the information needs of the audiences and thereby streamline essential information to satisfy end needs and objectives (Weissman 1-10). The presenter while designing an effective power point presentation must endeavor to relate the concept and understandings of the different slides so as to convey a central meaning to the audiences. Each of the different slides presented tends to put in front of the recipients an entire new story or understanding. The recipient failing to relate the story or con cepts presented in each of the different slides happens to gain significant confusion about the total presentation. This failure of the recipients in availing a central meaning distorts the level of understanding of the recipients and thereby causes the rise of perceptual differences among the participants. Participants or recipients in the power point p

Criminal Law Essay Example for Free

Criminal Law Essay 1. What kind of strike does the law not allow to form the basis of self-defense claims? d. Preemptive Correct Question 2 The castle exception is an exception to what doctrine? a. the retreat doctrine Question 3 Which of the following cases involves the â€Å"New York Subway Vigilante?† c. People v. Goetz (1986) Correct Question 4 Most defenses are perfect defenses; if they’re successful, defendants are c. acquitted. Question 5 The retreat requirement is weakest or nonexistent when persons are attacked b. in their own homes. Correct Question 6 The defense of consent recognizes the societal value of a. individual autonomy. Correct Question 7 A defense in which the defendant admits the act but claims that, under the circumstances, they aren’t legally responsible is called b. excuse. Correct Question 8 A defense in which the defendant accepts responsibility for the act but claims what they did was right is called a. justification. Correct Question 9 Circumstances that convince fact finders that defendants don’t deserve the maximum penalty for the crime they’re convicted of are called c. mitigating circumstances. Correct Question 10 Which of the following never justifies the use of force against another person? a. retaliation Question 11 At the heart of the choice-of-evils defense is the necessity to prevent a. imminent danger. Correct Question 12 A person who was the initial aggressor can gain a lawful right to self-defense if they do which of the following from the incident they started? b. completely withdraw Correct Question 13 A person can use deadly force against an attacker whom the victim reasonably believes is going to cause them an injury less than death. The attacker is said to be threatening b. serious bodily injury. Correct Question 14 What is the heart of self-defense? a. necessity Correct Question 15 The general rule is that self-defense is available only against what type of attacks? b. Legal Question 16 Which of the following is a key requirement of the necessity defense? a. that no reasonable legal option exists for averting the harm Correct Question 17 The law of self-defense is undergoing b. major transformation. Correct Question 18 In some jurisdictions, a person must retreat before using defensive deadly force if a. he can with complete safety to himself and others. Correct Question 19 Defensive force may be used only if the threat or danger is  d. imminent. Correct Question 20 Evidence that doesn’t amount to a perfect defense might amount to an imperfect defense; that is, defendants are d. guilty of lesser offenses.

Sleep Problems Essay -- essays research papers

There are a wide variety of sleep problems in the world today. For example sleep apnea, snoring, sleepwalking, confusional arousals, sleep-related eating, sleep paralysis, nocturnal seizures, teeth grinding, Rapid Eye Movement (REM), and sleep talking. Many of these disorders can be damaging to your health, or might not effect you at all. Also, if one does have difficulties sleeping there are things that are recommended in order to get a good night sleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different kinds of parasomnias. A parasomnia is a disruptence while you sleep. It has been proven that as one ages they are more likely to experience a number of brief arousals during the night. These arousals are often noticed if a person is crying or kicking around in bed. Usually the person appears awake, confused, and upset. They tend to push help away. An episode like this can range from a few seconds to a half an hour. When ended the person is usually calm, then wakes concisely, and then returns to sleeping. Sleepwalking is another common parasomnia. This is normally seen in older children. This is when a person gets up and walks around. They could just walk around the room, or could even walk around the whole yard. A sleepwalker could either return to bed, or wake up in a totally different part of the house. Sleepwalkers can carry on conversations, (that which may be difficult to understand) or even rearrange furniture. Nobody knows why, but usually sleepwalkers don’t inqu...

Picking Cotton by David Graves Essay

Abstract This story is about two people, two victims of crime. Two people that suffered from circumstance and circumstantial evidence. Ronald Cotton and Jennifer Thompson are these two people. This story is about the way circumstantial evidence convicts and the way DNA exonerates. Ronald Cotton and Jennifer Thompson are living the ultimate human story. It is one of error, recognizing it and being redeemed. Ronald Cotton and Jennifer Thompson were living in Piedmont North Carolina during the crime. Anyone who has lived there in the past twenty years knows their names, but probably not their entire story. In 1984, Jennifer Thompson was 22 when a man broke into her house and raped her. As the man assaulted her, she studied and memorized his face, as well as his voice, and everything she could about him. Jennifer’s intention was to survive, and when the assault was over, she wanted to put him in prison for the rest of his life for what he did to her. After Jennifer was treated for her injuries she helped the police draw a composite sketch of the man who raped her. The Police Department of Alamance County had never seen a victim so composed, so determined and so sure. Just a few hours after her horrifying ordeal, after the emotionless doctor swabbed her vagina for semen samples at the hospital, Jennifer sat down at the police station with Detective Mike Gauldin. â€Å"The first comment I remember her making was that, â€Å"I’m going to get this guy that did this to me.† She said, â€Å"I took the time to look at him. I will be able to identify him if I’m given an opportunity,† Gauldin remembered her saying (Hansen, 2001). She began combing through photos, trying to help come up with a composite of her rapist. The sketch went out, and tips started pouring in. One of those tips was about Ronald Cotton. Three days after the rape, Detective Gauldin called Jennifer in to the police station to do a photo lineup. Detective Gauldin lay six photos down on the table. The Detective said that Jennifer did not immediately identify a photo from the photo lineup. She took her time and studied each picture carefully. â€Å"I can remember almost feeling like I was at an SAT test. You know, where you start narrowing down your choices. You can discount A and B,† Jennifer said. She picked out Ronald Cotton’s photo. Cotton heard the news from his mother’s boyfriend. He told me, â€Å"Ron, the police are looking for you.† And I said, â€Å"For what?† And he told me, â€Å"For rape.† And I said, â€Å"I haven’t committed such a crime like that,† Cotton said (Finkelstein, 2009). Ronald Cotton gave Detective Gauldin a very detailed account of where he was, and who he was with that night. As it turned out the statement that Ronald Cotton had given to the Detective was false. He later realized that he had gotten his weekends mixed up. By this point it was t oo late. His honest mistake gave them more reason to think that he was lying, and if he was lying about his whereabouts on the night of the rape, what else was he lying about? The day he went back to the police station to clear his name, was August 1, 1984. He did not get the chance. He was arrested. Ronald Cotton was not going to get to leave. He was getting locked up, and days later he was put in a physical lineup. â€Å"I’m number five,† Cotton remembered. â€Å"I was very scared, nervous. I was so nervous, I was trembling. I felt my body just shaking† (Finkelstein, 2009). A week later, Jennifer sat across a table from six men that were holding numbered cards. She picked No. 5. And with the words, â€Å"That’s my rapist, Detective Gauldin,† she changed another’s existence as well as her own forever. On August 1, 1984, Ronald Cotton was arrested for the rape that had been committed against Jennifer Thompson. In a week-long trial, the jury heard about Cotton’s faulty alibi, his clothing that matched Thompson description, and a piece of foam found on her floor that seemed to come from one of his shoes. And most powerful, they had heard from Jennifer Thompson. In court, when she was asked if she recognized her rapist, she had named Ronald Cotton. â€Å"She called my name, pointed a finger. And that’s all, that’s all it takes, it seemed like,† Cotton said, â€Å"It felt like someone pushing a knife through me† (Hansen, 2001). Her testimony was extremely powerful. Even Ronald Cotton could feel the jury sympathize with her. He himself even sympathized for her. In silent terror, he watched as the system labeled him a rapist. He was only 22 years old, and the world that he had foreseen and dreamed about, all his plans were over now for a crime he did no t commit. The Prosecutor’s evidence at trial was all circumstantial evidence; however they had an eyewitness, Jennifer Thompson. The Defense Team had Ronald Cotton’s alibi, which was supported by family members. They tried to allow the jury to hear the evidence about the second rape victim that night, but the jury was not allowed to hear that evidence, or to hear that the second victim failed to pick Cotton out of photos that the police had showed to her, as well as the police lineup. The prosecution based its case on several points and used circumstantial evidence to obtain their conviction. These included; photo identification by one of the victims, police lineup identification made by one of the victims, a flashlight in Cotton’s home resembled the one used by the assailant and rubber from Cotton’s tennis shoe was consistent with rubber found at one of the crime scenes. â€Å"It took the jury just 40 minutes to reach a verdict: guilty on all counts. â€Å"He was sentenced to life and 50 years. That was when Jennifer Thompson realized the justice system worked. Ronald Cotton was handcuffed, shackled, and taken to North Carolina’s Central Prison. He was just 22 years old. â€Å"You know they say grown men don’t cry, but it’s a lie you know. I grabbed my pillow many times and hugged it, wishing I was hugging my mom, my dad, sister, brother. Wish it didn’t have to be this way,† said Ronald Cotton (Finkelstein, 2009). On Jan. 17, 1985, Ronald Cotton was sentenced to life in prison. Ronald Cotton was convicted by a jury of his peers of one count of rape and one count of burglary. As Ronald Cotton was lead off to prison he said, â€Å"I say the truth will come to light and the Lord knows I am an innocent man. Someday, somewhere, the truth is going to come out in my case.† While he was in prison, Cotton spent his days and nights writing letters to lawyers, newspapers, and to anyone who would li sten to him. He would do anything to get a new trial. Ronald Cotton tried to believe what his father kept telling him – which was, â€Å"that someday justice would prevail†. Then it happened. One day as he watched a new inmate being brought in, he had a strange feeling come over him. He wanted to know more about him, who he was, where he came from, so Cotton approached him. â€Å"I said, ‘Excuse me. You look familiar. Where are you from?† He told Cotton, â€Å"I’m from Burlington.† Cotton told him, â€Å"I am too.† I told him that, â€Å"You kind of resembling the drawing of a suspect in a crime in which I’m falsely imprisoned for. Did you commit this crime?† And he told me, â€Å"no, I did not,† remembers Cotton (Finkelstein, 2009). Cotton understood immediately why he felt the way he did upon seeing the man for the first time. He thought of the composite drawing when he saw the inmate. The inmate’s name was Bobby Poole, and he was serving consecutive life sentences for a series of brutal rapes. He also started working in the prison kitchen too. â€Å"The stewards were calling me Poole instead of Cotton,† Cotton said. People were constantly mistaking the two men for each other. During many of the years he spent in prison, Cotton actually knew who the real rapist was. The two bore a striking physical resemblance to one another, and to the police sketch of Thompson’s attacker. While in prison a fellow inmate heard Poole going around bragging to other inmates that Cotton was doing some of his time for a rape that he had committed. Eventually an inmate told Cotton that he’d heard Bobby Poole admit to raping Jennifer Thompson and the other woman that night. Ronald Cotton was in prison for this rape, a rape that he was convicted of, and the rape that sentenced him to life plus fifty ye ars, a rape that he did not commit. Ronald Cotton was full of rage. He was angry. Cotton hated Poole. He decided to make a blade out of a piece of metal. He was going to kill him. Cotton told his dad of his plans and Cotton’s father begged him not to. â€Å"Put your faith in God,† his father said. â€Å"If you kill Bobby Poole, then you really do belong behind these bars† (Finkelstein, 2009).So Cotton eventually threw his blade away and his plans to kill Bobby Poole. Cotton’s attorney filed an appeal. On appeal, the North Carolina Supreme Court overturned Cotton’s 1985 conviction because the second victim had picked another man out of the lineup. The trial court had not allowed this evidence to be heard by the jury. An appeals court had ruled in Cotton’s favor stating that evidence relating to the second victim should have been allowed in the first trial. Ronald Cotton had won himself a new trial, and his heart filled with hope. The new trial began in November 1987. Ronald Cotton was retried, this time for both rapes and burglaries, because the second victim had decided that now Cotton was her assailant. The witnesses would get a look at Bobby Poole, who was subpoenaed by Cotton’s lawyer. They would hear the evidence from prison informants, about him admitting to these two crimes. The informants would tell their compelling stories about the rapes that they had heard Poole so proudly boast about, the story that the public did not know. They would tell the story that the real rapist told them. Things the rapist would only have known. Cotton was excited, even confident, the trial began to look as though it was going his way. Finally, Cotton thought, he would be set free, he would be exonerated, and finally everyone was going to see the truth. He was not the rapist. However he had forgotten the power of Jennifer Thompson. Back on the stand, Jennifer Thompson was as confident as ever. She looked directly at Poole and then she looked directly a t Cotton. He was fifteen feet away from her and he could still feel the hatred in her heart that she had for him. Ronald Cotton is the man who raped me, she told the jury. It was not Bobby Poole. The Prosecution and defense asked her, Are you sure? And confidently she said, Yes, I’m sure. The second victim was less convincing, but she also pointed to him, too. Cotton’s lawyers called Bobby Poole to the stand with Thompson sitting right there. It was the moment Cotton had been hoping for. They tried to trigger her memory, by allowing her to see him up close, by allowing her to hear his voice. It was Cottons last hope, but nothing; she was too convinced that Cotton had raped her. So they tried to get him to break, but he did not. He denied the rapes and with that he sealed Ronald Cotton’s fate. An innocent man was living inside the shell of a convicted rapist. It was all over for Cotton. Cotton knew it; he knew that he would be convicted. The court fell silent as Ronald Cott on was sentenced again. He was convicted of both rapes and two counts of burglary. This time an Alamance County Superior Court sentenced Cotton to two life sentences plus fifty-four years. Ronald Cotton was convicted twice by eyewitness testimony. Seven more years went by, and then everyone in Central Prison was riveted by a big news story: the trial of O.J. Simpson. Cotton’s big break came in 1995 while he was watching the O.J. Simpson trial on television. â€Å"I would get my radio and put my earplugs in, and go outside, and sit in a corner,† Cotton said. There, he’d listen to the trial. He was intrigued by something he’d never heard of: DNA. The Attorneys and investigators kept talking about DNA evidence, something he had never heard of before. DNA was still in its infancy when he received his convictions and it was not used in his trial. He got an idea and he contacted his new attorneys. In 1994, the chief appellate defender had requested that two new lawyers take over Cotton ’s defense. Richard Rosen, a professor at the University Of North Carolina School Of Law, agreed to represent Cotton. He wrote to his new attorney, law professor Rich Rosen. Rosen warned him that there probably wasn’t any evidence left to test, and if there was, DNA could cut both ways. â€Å"Understand if the DNA comes back and shows that you did this crime, whatever legal issues we have don’t make any bit of difference. You’re going to spend the rest of your life in prison,† Rosen said. Cotton told him â€Å"to go with it† (Finkelstein, 2009). The lawyers filed a motion for appropriate relief on the grounds of inadequate appeal counsel. The lawyers also filed a motion for DNA testing that Cotton had been so adamant on getting. DNA testing was granted in October 1994. Packed away on the shelves of the Burlington Police Department was 11-year-old evidence from the two rapes that night. In the spring of 1995, the Burlington Police Department turned over all evidence that contained the assailant’s semen for DNA testing. Luckily, Burlington Police Detective Gauldin had preserved the biological material in the case, although there was no legal requirement for it to be maintained. Inside one of the rape kits was a fragment of a single sperm with viable DNA. The samples from one of the victim’s was too deteriorated to be conclusive, but the samples from the other victim’s vaginal swab and underwear were subjected to PCR based DNA testing. They were able to recover one tiny sample of sperm from the rape kit that had been used to treat Jennifer Thompson 11 years earlier. The DNA sample showed no match to Cotton (Celizic, 2009). At the defense’s request, the results were sent to the State Bureau of Investigation’s DNA database, containing the DNA patterns of convicted violent felons in the North Carolina prison system. The state’s database showed a match with the convict who had earlier confessed to the crime. There was enough DNA in the sample to prove Cotton was innocent and Poole was guilty. Then, under questioning by Detective Gauldin, Poole confessed to both rapes. In May 1995 when the official DNA results were reported, the prosecution joined Rosen in a motion to drop all charges. Judge McLelland granted the motion. Cotton was officially cleared of all charges on June 30, 1995 and he was released from prison in July 1995. And just like that, Cotton was a free man. Cotton received a gubernatorial pardon based on innocence the following month. In July 1995, the governor of North Carolina officially pardoned Cotton. Cotton had served 10.5 years of his sentence. Cotton began the difficult task of beginning a new life. When he was first released from prison 17 years ago, Cotton’s first job was with the DNA Company that conducted the tests that exonerated him. He now works for a company that makes insulation. He’s been married for 15 years and has a 14-year-old daughter. They live in a house paid for with restitution money from the state of North Carolina: $10,000 for each of the 11 years he spent in prison. Jennifer Thompson has also moved on. She is married and has three children. She and Cotton talk often. â€Å"He is an amazing human being. He has been a real good teacher for me.† He has helped me so much. Ron has taught me about forgiveness, and healing, and faith† (Hansen, 2001). Ronald Cotton and Jennifer Thompson are now friends. In fact, they’ve written a book together: â€Å"Picking Cotton: A Memoir of Injustice and Redemption.† They sometimes travel together giving talks about the ways memory can deceive us, and they are working to change the way police conduct photo lineups (Connors, et al, 1998). They are also a testament to the power of the human spirit. When DNA evidence ultimately proved that another man committed the rape and Cotton was freed, Thompson was consumed by guilt and shame. However, Cotton talks about in the book that they wrote together, that he had long since forgiven her. â€Å"I couldn’t carry on serving my time in the prison system holding grudges and thinking about retaliating against a person that made an honest mistake. I had to proceed on in life regardless,† he told Vieira (Hansen, 2001). When I found out that I was going to be released from prison I was shocked. I almost did not believe it. â€Å"It was like a dream come true. I couldn’t belie ve it,† Cotton told Vieira. â€Å"The warden of the penitentiary called me in his office and told me I was going home tomorrow. I told him, â€Å"Please don’t pull my leg, it’s already long enough.† But it was true. I finally went home to be with my family and loved ones. The day I had prayed so hard for had finally come and it was not just in my dreams (Hansen, 2001). To jurors the point of the finger identifying a perpetrator is damaging evidence and mistakes can be made. However, now there is one type of evidence that’s even more persuasive: DNA. There have been 235 people exonerated by DNA in this country and now a stunning pattern has emerged: more than three quarters of them were sent to prison at least in part because an eyewitness pointed a finger – an eyewitness we now know was wrong (Torneo, 2009). Jennifer Thompson-Cannino and the man she mistakenly put in prison, Ronald Cotton is a tale about pain and redemption — and the tricks that memory can play on people with the best of intentions. â€Å"This can happen to anyone. And hopefully it does not happen to them,† Cotton told Vieira (Hansen, 2001). One of the most amazing things that have come out of this injustice is the most unlikely of friendships. He was sentenced to life in prison for a rape he did not commit by a woman who he now calls his friend. The two of them are truly inspiring, and the two of them were both victims. References Celizic, M. (2009, March 10). She sent him to jail for rape; now they’re friends. In NBCNEWS.com. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29613178/ns/today-today_news/t/she-sent-him-jail-rape-now-theyre-friends/ Connors, E., Lundregan, T., Miller, N., & McEwen, T. (1998). Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science: Case Studies in the Use of DNA Evidence to Establish Innocence After Trial. Institute for Psychological Therapies. 10. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www.iptforensics.com/journal/volume10/j10_3_6_8.htm Finkelstein, S. (2009, July 12). Eyewitness: How Accurate Is Visual Memory? In CBSNEWS. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/06/60minutes/main4848039_page6.shtml?tag=contentMain;contentBody Hansen, M. (2001). Forensic Science: Scoping out eyewitness Ids (Master’s thesis). April Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://nersp.osg.ufl.edu/~malavet/evidence/notes/thompson_cotton.htm Thompson-Cannin o, J., Cotton, R., & Torneo, E. (2009). Picking Cotton: Our Memoir of Injustice and Redemption. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www.pickingcottonbook.com/splash.html

Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe Essay

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer and polymath back in the 1800s. Goethe is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature. Although he was alive so long ago, the ideas he put out there are still pertinent to the modern world: such as my personal life, recent movies, and current events. Goethe came up with this viewpoint on life: Until one is committed there is hesitancy, the chance to draw back, always ineffectiveness. Concerning all acts of initiative (and creation) there is one elementary truth, the ignorance of which kills countless ideas and splendid plans that the moment one definitely commits oneself, then providence moves too. All sorts of things occur to help that would never have otherwise occurred. A whole stream of events issues from the decision rising in one’s favor all manner of unforeseen, incidents and meeting and material assistance, which no man could have dreamed would have come his way. Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, proven and magic in it. Begin it now! Goethe’s quote is a universal truth. His philosophy is even proven in my life. A project was given to me that I grew abhorrence for. Procrastinating until a couple days before the due date, I became upset and overwhelmed. I started convincing myself I could not do it. My mother said, â€Å"you’re making it harder than what it is. Do your research. Let the ideas come to you. It will all come together once you start. Stop putting it off and just do it. â€Å" With that in mind, I centered my concentration to my project and nothing but my project. Ideas kept coming to me as I let my mind and words flow. I became the person I needed to pretend to be for the project. I completed it to my best ability. I even made the appearance of my project outstanding. My teacher was so impressed with my work that she presented it to the class, and it was passed around the room. It all happened because I focused my mind on that specific goal. The movie Forrest Gump is an all-time favorite. The main character was committed to every task he was given. One day he decided to run, and he ran across the United States. It took him 3 years, 2 months, 14 days and 16 hours until he felt he was finished. Furthermore, while he was at camp in the army, all he did was play ping-pong. All he thought about was ping-pong. He even played ping-pong in his sleep. He was so good a whole crowd would come to watch him play. Even when he was in the army and went to save his â€Å"best good friend† Bubba, he didn’t stop until he found him. He saved his whole platoon that day while searching for Bubba. Every time he was on a mission or had a goal, he would direct all his focus to that particular objective. He had the ability to focus on anything and do it to his full potential. In the world today, we are in an economic crisis. Companies lay off workers; therefore, there are loads of unemployed people. Since they have no jobs, they are not receiving money. Companies aren’t selling much because people have no money to buy things that are not necessities. There is no flow of money. Everyone is afraid to put their cash out there because they are frightened by the fact that they might not be successful and wouldn’t have enough to buy necessities anymore. There is ineffectiveness and hesitancy in the world. No one wants to take a risk and be committed to one thing. Once people devote themselves to fixing the economy, it will happen. However, everyone is waiting on someone else to do it. Just like in the great depression, everyone was afraid to do something about the problem, until everyone said enough is enough and were devoted to fixing the problem; and look what happened because of that. We solved the crisis. In my final analysis, many people are not focused and are worried about too much. Focus on one thing and commit yourself to it. Everything a person does should be there center of attention. By doing this, one will achieve their goal and maybe even more than expected. Goethe’s philosophy shows how to reach a goal: Focus, commit, and do it. Just like Nike, a successful shoe company, says, â€Å"Just do it† and whatever you want to happen, will happen.

Essay on Fast Food and Consumer Foodservice

Essay on Fast Food and Consumer Foodservice Essay on Fast Food and Consumer Foodservice 5 New Expansion Patterns in China Consumer Foodservice Article | 19 Sep 2011 Consumer foodservice in China has seen incredible growth over the last few years, but recent expansion is evolving in some surprising ways. While global multinationals like Yum! Brands and McDonald's have shifted their focus to second- and third-tier cities, local Chinese operators are widening their reach to include first-tier targets despite the high level of competition. Many such operators are looking to grow from regional brands into national competitors, and they're using a variety of methods- from acquiring smaller players to raising capital through stock offerings or venture capital partnerships- to achieve their goal. The rise of new growth centres First-mover Yum! Brands has been building its presence in China since 1987, and the market now contributes more than 40% of the company's total operating profits. The company has focused its expansion so far on the three largest coastal cities (Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou), and as these highly dense, urban areas have the largest concentration of affluent consumers, they've provided fertile ground for rapid growth. According to the company, Yum! Brands' operating profits from China doubled from 20072010, and it expects annual profits to reach US$1 billion in the near future. Other US-based multinational operators have followed Yum! Brands' lead, and four out of the market's five top foodservice brands (KFC, McDonald's, Dicos, Pizza Hut, Little Sheep) are now at least partially US-owned. Many of these global competitors have also focused on incredible rates of expansion in first-tier markets- both McDonald's and Yum! Brands have expanded as quickly as one new outlet per day at times- and the consumer foodservice market is becoming increasingly saturated. Furthermore, soaring food inflation in recent years has made fast food prices more accessible to consumers outside the wealthiest urban centres. As a result, Yum! Brands, McDonald's and other multinational operators are now shifting their focus to expansion in second- and third-tier cities, especially in central, northwest and southwest China. Market-leading brand KFC began expanding to smaller cities in 2009 and has already reaped the benefits. According to the company, more than 500 KFC outlets opened in China in 2009, and 140 of them were located in central and western regions. Half of the openings were in smaller cities, some of which had previously had little or no penetration from chained consumer foodservice, and as a result the openings were met with considerable consumer excitement. This strategy helped the company achieve a 23% increase in operating profits in China, the company's highest system-wide. Contributing to this increase were the lower costs associated with operating restaurants in lower-tier cities, such as relatively inexpensive rents and labour costs. The former may have been most attractive to the operator, as high rents and stiff competition forced Yum! Brands to close a number of outlets in first-tier locations in 2009. Domestic players look to expand national reach As Yum! and its ilk were building their presence in Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai, China's domestic players focused instead on growing in second- and third-tier cities to avoid direct competition with the much larger operators. This strategy resulted in a strong presence among domestic players in areas that are now becoming major growth targets. Cities in these less developed regions are rapidly expanding, and many of them are seeing increases in government investment on local infrastructure. Notably, China's National Development and Reform Commission announced in July of 2010 that it would Page 1 of 3 invest RMB680 billion (US$107 billion) in west China to stimulate economic growth in the region. Making these regions even more conducive to growing foodservice demand, many have growing populations

IngramSpark Review Dont Use Until You Read This + PROMO CODE!

IngramSpark Review Dont Use Until You Read This + PROMO CODE! IngramSpark Review: Don't Use Until You Read This + PROMO CODE! IngramSpark, KDP Print, Lulu, BookBaby - there is no shortage of companies out there promising to help you publish and sell your print books and ebooks. Luckily, if you’re struggling over which platform to use, you’re in the company of thousands of other authors who have been in your shoes and can provide some guidance.That’s exactly why we’re here, to provide you with a breakdown, review, manual - and a promo code! - for one of the most popular platforms out there: IngramSpark.What is IngramSpark?What is the Best Service for Print on Demand Books? Read post As we mentioned, there are other POD platforms worth your consideration - such as KDP Print (good for Amazon distribution), Blurb (good for books with varied visual components), BookBaby (good for customer support), or Draft2Digital Print (still in beta but the rumors so far are promising). For a comprehensive breakdown of the top print on demand services for books - and to see actual print copies from each printer - check out this comprehensive POD post. Alright, if you’ve decided that IngramSpark is the self-publishing platform you want to put a ring on, your next move will be, well, doing just that. Below is a simple yet thorough guide to publishing via IngramSpark. Free promo code for IngramSpark's setup fee - and IngramSpark review!  Ã°Å¸â€œÅ¡ How to use IngramSparkIf your first instinct when signing up for any kind of fee-based service is to scour the internet for discount coupons, then you’re in luck - because we’ve got one for you! Just for reading this post, you get a 50% discount off IngramSpark’s $49 print and ebook title setup fee. All you have to do is enter this case-sensitive IngramSpark promo code: EXPERT. (Don’t worry, we’ll post another reminder about this coupon a little further down).Onto the publishing now. Below, we’ll break down the seven steps to publishing with IngramSpark. These steps may vary for you based on whether you’re going with print copies, ebooks, or both. In hopes of covering all the bases, we will outline the steps for an author who’s publishing both print and ebook copies of their book.Of course, the pre-first step is actually signing up for IngramSpark, which you can do here: https://myaccount.ingramspark.com/Account/SignupStep 1: A bout Your BookNext up, it’s time to deliver the goods: the manuscript you’ve worked hard on perfecting and the book cover that will do that manuscript proud! Both must be uploaded as PDFs.After you upload your files, IngramSpark will scan both the interior and exterior files for any errors. If it spots some, it will let you know and give you the choice to either a) fix the issues before you proceed with the process, or b) if you’re confident with your files, ignore IngramSpark’s alerts and continue as is.And that’s it! From here, you can decide how you want to market and sell your book. Our final recommendation is that, before distributing any print copies of your book, you first order a proof copy to ensure it looks good and there are no strange sizing inconsistencies.IngramSpark Promo CodeBefore we go, we wanted to quickly remind you about the IngramSpark promo code for Reedsy community members! When it comes time to pay your book’s $49 se tup fee, use the following code for a 50% discount: EXPERT - and yes, this code is case sensitive!Have you published through IngramSpark? What was your experience like? Or maybe you’re still on the fence and have some lingering question about IngramSpark - or other popular publishing options out there. Feel free to leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

An Analysis of European Law Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Analysis of European Law - Dissertation Example The same has been compared to sovereign law of the nation. Situations and stances of certain European nations have been provided as examples while defending sovereignty of its parliament in legal cases. The concept of democracy had been interpreted and its self contradictory virtue of protecting the basic premises and provisions of democracy through legislative bodies has been illustrated as well. What you did? While attempting this research project involving the Ultimate supremacy between EU Law and Sovereignty of Parliament, the basic premises, applicability and scope of the EU law was understood. The background and supporting information surrounding the founding of the EU and its laws (the EU Law) was taken into account while preparing the report that contrasts its efficacy against parliament sovereignty. The key highlights of EU law, (treaties and legislations) were compiled and presented followed by juxtaposition with the Parliament law. How did you find your resource? Resources including journals and e-books were found on the basis of beginners’ as well as intermediate level of EU Law. Hand books and manuals were gathered that have a detailed discussion on EU Law and a comparative study with Parliament sovereignty. Details of the resources are given in the bibliography section. What did you encounter was hard? Interpretation of legal language and its jargon required considerable effort. Its wording complex as it is has to be put in simple, easy to understand language. Finding specific cases of conflict and confrontation of EU Law with Parliamentary sovereignty involved thorough research. A brief Introduction - The European Union and EU Law The European Union (EU) law formerly called as European Community Law is a pan European common authoritative body’s group of rules and regulations to be observed and adhered to by groups and individuals within the premises of the Europe. It is applicable to EU member states. The European Union Law was conc eived, formulated and effected by the European Union itself as a positive and significant forward step towards making the judiciary system more uniform and efficient across Europe. It was constituted and adopted long back in the year†¦. in order to bring the politically, demographically and culturally diverse Europe under a common law which would work to the benefit of the citizens and organisations of Europe over and above national laws. These laws have a direct or indirect effect on the European Union member states. The European Law has an effect, direct or indirect on the national laws of its member states. The European Union Law has three types of laws: 1. Primary, 2. Secondary and 3. Supplementary law. These three categories constitute and compose the European law. As discussed before the EU is a central authority composed of representatives of its member states. The European Union is composed of: 1. European Parliament, and 2. The Council of European Union Cases where the Ultimate supremacy of EU Law is tested against sovereign parliament: There are several cases where

Crime And Behavioral Genetics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime And Behavioral Genetics - Research Paper Example To gain an in depth insight of this hypothesis, this paper will outline an annotated bibliography of three journals: Gou, G. Roettger, M. Cai, T. (2008). The Integration of Genetic Propensities into Socio- Control Models of Delinquency and Violence among Male Youths, American Sociological Review, 73 (4); 543-568; Ferguson, C. J. (2010). Genetic contributions to antisocial personality and behavior: A meta-analytic review from an evolutionary perspective, The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(2), 160-80, and Stone, R. D. (2003). The cloudy crystal ball: Genetics, child abuse, and the perils of predicting behavior. Vanderbilt Law Review, 56(5), 1557-1590 that have delineated the relationship between genes and crime. The annotated bibliography will be aimed at addressing the specific title of how genetics play a role in crime. Gou, G. Roettger, M. Cai, T. (2008). The Integration of Genetic Propensities into Socio- Control Models of Delinquency and Violence among Male Youths. American Soc iological Review, 73 (4), 543-568 As pertains to the author’s background, this journal is work of four authors. Guang Guo was a professor at the University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill and teaches sociology. He was also a member of the faculty at Carolina Population Center and Carolina Center for Genomic Sciences at the same University. Michel E. Roettger was a PHD candidate at the same University and his thesis statement sought to examine social inequality in relationship to the US criminal justice system. Tianji Cai a PHD holder at the same university was interested in sociological research methods that aimed at addressing how biology interplayed with the society. Intended audience of this journal article was the delinquent civil societies, the parents, the genetics departments and the criminal society. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of genes on violent delinquency by examining three genetic polymorphisms: 40-bp VNTR in the DATI gene, the 30-bp prom oter- region VNTR in the MAOA gene, and the Taq1 polymorphism in the DRD2 gene. Data used was collected from DNA subsample obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The study was based on a population size of 1,100 males whose DNA and measures to control their social behavior was available for incorporation in the study. The results of the study illustrated that there was a positive interaction between DATI, MAOA, and DRD2 and the deliquescent behavior reported among the males involved in the study. An interaction was reported between MAOA gene and DRD2 gene in association with having a family meal. The results illustrated that a weaker socio cultural involvement of the family and the school processes flared up the gene expression in deliquescent individuals. Social issues play a paramount role in the gene expression of the individuals who engaged in deliquescent behavior. Individuals who possessed a 2R allele as evidenced in the MAOA*2 genotype, upon repea t of a grade, they exhibited serous delinquency compared to individuals who did not express the 2R allele gene in their genotype. Repeating a grade and its influence in expression of MAOA*2 was attributed to the interference in the individuals social relationship with his peers, ridicule by his peer. They were also predisposed to feelings of shame, inadequacy, humiliation, and confusion weakening their bonds to social support structures

Summary for one page Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary for one page - Essay Example The clerks rattle me; the wickets rattle me; the sight of the money rattles; everything rattles me† (Leacock, 2012, p. 100). The readers will be introduced to the narrator right from the beginning of the story allowing them to relate with the plot of story. Moreover, the interesting beginning given to the story involves a bank manager and narrator who would go on in the story to discuss about bank account and as little money as fifty bucks. The way author has used allegory in the story further adds beautification of characters. Dialogue has been kept minimal making it sound more humoristic by the end of the story. Careful intimidation is done in such a way that it allows the narrator to overcome the fear of bank by the end of the story for readers. As it notes by the end, â€Å"As the big door swung behind me I caught the echo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..my savings in silver dollars in a sock† (Leacock, 2012, p.

Looking At Ibn Sina Avicenna A Muslim Scientist Religion Essay

Looking At Ibn Sina Avicenna A Muslim Scientist Religion Essay Ibn Sina,also known as Avicenna in western world, is a persian and a muslim scientist,scholar,theologian,matematician,poet, physician and a philosopher who was born in 980 C.E. in a village named Afsana near Buhara.He is also known to be a genius who displayed a great intellectial potential in his first years of education and had the chance to be educated by his father,who was a clerk for the royal palace and some of other persian teachers for the royal family. At the age of ten he was known to memorize the Quran and was proficient in arithmetics.During the next years he studied fiqh(islamic jurisprudence),linguistics,logic,euclidian geometry,philopsopy and The Almagest.He is said to be interested in and troubled with Aristotelean philosophy and metaphysics and overcame the troubles with the help of the book al-Ibane by another Persian philosopher Alpharabius and greatly influenced by him. After his fathers death, he left Buhara and went to get in the service of Qabus,ruler of Jurjan who was famous with his interest to education and taught logic and astronomy,also contined on writing Canon there.After the murder of the Qabus he continued on travelling around firstly going to Ray,a place near Teharan now, and then Hamada to cure the Amir Shamsud-Dawala to cure his colic and rewarded as being a prime minister for such a service. Avicennas days in Hamada went on busy and divided into two different jobs,being a prime minister and a scholar who gathered his students and taught medicine using his already finished two books Canon and newest one Kitab al-Shifa(means healing power in persian,also known as The Book of Healing in western civilizations). Those days ended after Amirs death.He hid himself in an apothecary and continued on his workd and teaching.At the same time Hamada was in war with Isfahan which was a city meaning more free environment and peace for Avicanna,so he secretly send letters to the important people of Isfahan,offering his services. The new Amir of Hamada got aware of this situation and Avicennas hiding place and put him into imprisonment. In time,Isfahan managed to capture Hamada and towns around it,after the war was over Avicenna returned to Hamada with Amir and continued on his studies for some time.One night,he escaped the city with his brother,a pupil and two slaves and went to Isfahan to be welcomed warmly by the Prince of Isfahan . Until his death,he remained in the service of the prince of Isfahan and offered his services to the Ala-al Daula the prince of Isfahan as his personal physician,literary and scientific adviser who accompanied him everywhere,including the military campaigns.As he was a chronic colic sufferer he lived his last years under great pain and refused to live moderately and allow himself to relax.He continued to accompany prince on his campaings and these were the places where made the Avicennas illness got stronger.He is said to be told that I prefer a short life with width to a narrow one with length. Although one of the most famous quotes from him is The world is divided into men who have wit and no religion and men who have religion and no wit. And he did not practiced the islamic duties for his religion publicly, he gave away his belongings to the poor,freed his slaves and read Quran at his last times of life.He died in june 1037 at the age of 58 and buried in Hamadan,Iran.His mausoleum is still could be visited in Hamadan. According to Al-Qifti,Avicenna wrote 21 major an 24 minor works on philosophy,medicine,theology,astronomy and the like. Eight of the sixteen medical texts are written in versifed treatises for example,25 signs indicating fatal termination of ilnesses,hygienic precepts,proved remedies etc. Apart from them,Canon is the largest,most widely known and one of the most important works of Avicenna which also led him to be known in western civilizations as well.It contains 14 volumes and more than one million words and unites Galens and Hippocrates with some serious addition which are Avicennas researches and his own experiences.Whole book is split into five different books addressing to five different categories and these are first part is the general principles,second part is the basic drugs in alphebetical order with the information of where and when to use,possible effects on patients,third part is the members of body and diseases of the particular organs,fourth part is the diseases which are local but affecting the entire body,fifth part is the using drugs together to create a more effective treatment. Canon said to have more than 450 remedies which were noted carefully with effects,possible side effects and how to apply them to treat diseases successfully. He also noted interesting things in Canon such as advising surgeons to treat cancer in earlier stages,being sure that theyve taken out all the ill part of the organ,testing new remedies on animals before the humans and noted the effect of emotions on physical condition.Interestingly enough he even diagnosed love sickness and the treatment for this disease was to make the suffered one get together with the loved one. The Arabic version of Canon published in Rome in 1593,being one of the earliest arabic books to be printed.In the 12th century it was translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremonia and served as a chief guide to the medical science ,displacing the work of Galen and being the medical bible till the 1600s.It is also said to be influenced Leonardo Da Vinci in his researches. In Book of Healing also called The Cure, despite the english name he didnt write on medicine but wrote about curing the ignorance of the soul.The book is split to four parts; first part is logic,second part is natural sciences,third part is mathematics and the fifth part is metaphysics.He wrote about his knowledge on astronomy,chemistry,earth sciences,psychology,logic,metaphysics and the philosophy of science.The information in the book was mainly influenced by the teachings of ancient greek philosophers,hellenistic thinkers and some earlier muslim and persian scientists and philosophers. Although Avicenna is a big name of medical history and sometimes addressed as doctor of the doctors,he is not widely known as he should be. He had to travel around a lot to have himself secure and be able to study on his desired area of practices but he was a genius,who studied in many different disciplines including medicine,theology,philosophy,logic,geometry,mathematics,alchemy and created his most valuable work in medicine. He wrote Canon ,Book of Healing and many other books on various topics such as philosophy. Resources. *Avicenna His Life and Works by Soheil Afnan *http://www.muslimphilosophy.com *http://www.ummah.com * http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/avicenna.htm *Encyclopaedia Brittanica Online Version *Wikipedia,Vikipedi(Turkish version of Wikipedia containing different articles)

Comparing Frost’s Mending Wall and Rosenblatt’s A Game of Catch :: comparison compare contrast essays

Robert Frost’s   Mending Wall   and Roger Rosenblatt’s A Game of Catch Humans have an uncanny ability to place themselves at a comfortable distance from each other and call it a â€Å"mutual understanding,† a â€Å"friendship,† or even â€Å"true love,† but it is all lies. The essence of man’s mystery is somewhat of a paradox. He yearns to become more familiar with those around him, yet he is unwilling to allow this to happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The power of "Mending Wall," one of Frost's most often quoted poems, rests upon an opposition. Its two famous lines contradict each other. The poem upholds that:   Something there is that doesn't love a wall.   But it also asserts that: Good fences make good neighbors.   The contradiction is reasonable, for two different types of people utter the conflicting remarks and both are right. Man cannot live without walls, boundaries, limits and especially self-limitations; yet he resents all fetters and is happy at the destruction of any barrier. In "Mending Wall" the boundary line is useless:   There where it is we do not need the wall.   And, to stress the point, the speaker facetiously adds:   He is all pine and I am apple orchard.   My apple trees will never get across   And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.   One may find far-reaching connotations in this poem. As well as that it states one of the greatest difficulties of our time: whether national walls should be made stronger for our safety, or whether they should be let down, since they impede our progress toward understanding and eventual common humanity.   "Mending Wall" can also be considered a symbolic poem. In the voices of the two men the younger, capricious, "modern" speaker and the old-fashioned farmer who replies with his one dogged sentence, his inherited aphorism. Some may hear the opposition of two forces: the zeal of revolt, which challenges tradition, and the spirit of restraint, which insists that customs must be upheld, built up and continually rebuilt, as a matter of principle.   The poet himself looks down upon such symbolic analysis. He denies that the poem says anything more than it seems to say. The dispute is the heart of the poem. It answers itself in the paradox of people, in neighbors and competitors, in the antagonistic nature of man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Roger Rosenblatt’s essay, â€Å"A Game of

LeBron James ‘I’m Coming Home’ Analysis Essay

LeBron James uses specific strategies, especially Pathos, to achieve his purpose of explaining his decisions in the past years of his basketball career. His choice of language appeals to the emotions of his fans and basketball spectators as a whole as he attempts to win back the trust and respect of his hometown fans. He does this in paragraph one, for example, by emphasizing that Ohio is his home, and that it is always going to have a place in his heart and motivate him to succeed. He uses repetition to get his point across when he states, â€Å"It’s where I walked. It’s where I ran. It’s where I cried. It’s where I bled.† This places an effect on his audience in which they accept James as one of their own, for it shows his special relationship with his city. It seems to, subtly, tell the story of an average boy growing up in a small town and instills the image into his audiences’ minds that Ohio raised him and that the people there are fami ly. LeBron assures his audience that he has matured and that he has finally realized that his â€Å"relationship with Northeast Ohio is bigger than basketball.† He speaks of his actions as a learning experience, and compares it to â€Å"college for other kids.† James uses ethos here to give credibility to his choices. This ensures his Cleveland fans that his past decisions were not disrespectful as they originally thought, but actually imperative to his growth as a basketball superstar. In addition, James decides to solidify the fact that he loved what he did in Miami with his teammates on the Miami Heat, and that that is something he will cherish as he moves on to the next stages of his career. His diction, which includes, â€Å"We are brothers for life† shows the respect he has acquired for his team in Miami. This shows his sincerity in his approach to the situation. Also, James decides to mention his family. He specifically mentions that when his agency ended in Miami, he would not go anywhere but Cleveland in order to be able to raise his family in his hometown. Once again, James achieves his goal of gaining the trust of his fans by stressing that Ohio is his home. He specifically includes his family to prove his loyalty to Cleveland fans and Ohio as his home state. James uses repetition again towards the end of his essay when he says his calling to Cleveland â€Å"goes above basketball.† He wants not only  to reaffirm his commitment to the team and fans, but to the city as a whole. He discusses his care for the community and his responsibility in making Ohio a great place to grow up. The concluding paragraph brings all of his points together when it states that James is â€Å"ready to accept the challenge,† and most importantly, that he is â€Å"coming home.† His goal of appealing to his Cleveland fans’ emotions s ucceeded as he ensured them that they are his motivation, and that playing in their city makes him happy.

Reading Body Language in Poker Essay

Body language is a part of nonverbal language. It includes things like stance, gestures, facial expressions, and even small things that are barely perceptible like a brief shrug of the shoulder or nod of the head. We frequently communicate both bodily and verbally and an estimated 70% of what we communicate may be nonverbal. There have been hundreds of books on body language but not many in poker. So this is a small attempt to put information that I have learnt while learning to read people at a poker table. I started by straight away applying the basic body language reads to a poker table like when a person leans in; it is sign of confidence, hence it translated that the player most likely has good cards. Another classic example is when a person rubs his hands after seeing his cards; this is sign that he is so excited to see the card that he can’t wait to play their cards. In short, a poker table is much like real world scenarios like class room, office, college, etc. When a player at a poker table gives away body language information, it is called a tell. So reading a player for tells is crucial for poker player’s game. Below is the order in which I read people at a poker table: 1. Feet and Legs (Most reliable) 2. Arms and Hands 3. Mouth 4. Eyes 5. Pacifying Behaviours (Least Reliable) Nice Legs! This is the most honest part of the body and can give loads of information. Most people while reading a person start from the top and scan towards the bottom. But believe me the other way round works much better and is far more reliable. Most people go to great lengths to hide what is on their faces but rarely do they focus on their legs. Legs carry so much information that it is relied upon by most pros and ignored by most amateurs in poker. Below are some of the common tells that you can spot at a poker table: * If a person has pointed his feet forward and after he receives his cards turns it away, it is clear sign of disengagement and he no longer wants to be involved in the hand. * If a person is constantly wiggling and bouncing his legs and then suddenly stops and pays attention, this is a sign that the person is about to bluff. * If a person’s feet go from flat to raised position – resting feet flat to raised heels/toes forward means that the person is ready to act. * When a person interlocks his feet, this is sign of nervousness. This means that the person is holding weak or marginal cards. * A variation of the above is after a person bets (a big bet) he wraps his legs around the legs of the chairs or table, it may suggest that he is bluffing. They are restraining themselves because they think other will detect his bluff. * When a player moves his feet positioned in front of his chair to under the chair indicates signs of weakness or bluffing. Let’s Get Our Hands Dirty Hands are an intimate part of poker. They are constantly moving and interacting with the chips and cards on the table, and sometimes even with players. Hands can reveal a lot of information. * Interlacing fingers behind the head is a very strong sign that the player is confident. So if you deciding to bluff don’t try it on this player. * When a player does a hand steeple, this is also another high confidence tell. * Interlacing of fingers and hand wringing is a sign of low confidence. * When a person looks at his cards and his hands tremble or reaching for chips and his hands are trembling, is a sign that he has great cards or as in poker we call it monsters. His hands got scared of the monster! Lips Don’t Lie Mouth are a great reading tool for tells in poker but as you come from the feet to the face, the tells get that much less reliable because players will be a lot more conscious of their tells when it comes to their face. The tells listed below are some of the classic tells in poker however one should tread cautiously when one is applying in a real game. * When a person smiles pulling his lips and there is no movement around his eyes is a classic tell of dishonesty (fake smile). Remember it is very difficult to pull off a full smile when you are unhappy so when you see a full smile with the corners of the eyes involved you can be sure he is honest about his representations on the table. * When a person presses his lips together is an indicator of high stress and low confidence. * Nail biting is another sign of low confidence. * Lip biting is a good indicator of stress and concern. * A subtle tell of lips are lip withdrawal; they indicate that stress is settling in slowly. * Lip licking and biting of objects like pen or chips are signs of pacifying when there is concern. * Tongue jetting out is another tell which indicates that the player got away with something. Eyes Are the Windows to the Soul Eyes are very good barometer of our feelings because we have very little control over them. I rely on eyes as an indicator often in my game. Here are some fool proof tells that I have used before: * When a player blocks his eyes either by closing his lids or blocking it with his fingers or palm or object, it is a sign that he does not want to see what’s coming. * This tell might take some used to getting used to but watching the eyes for dilation or constriction is 100% method to get the information out of your opponent. Remember when we like something our eyes dilate and when we don’t like something it constricts. So if a player is dissatisfied with his cards, his pupils will constrict. * Squinting of eyes indicate high concern. * Lowering of eyebrows is a sign of low confidence. * Arching of eyebrows is a good indication of positive feelings. Pacifying Behaviours These are the least reliable because most of the pacifying behaviours are just indicators of soothing oneself or discomfort at the maximum. Pacifying behaviours are done by players who are bluffing or players who are not. Hence, it must not be used in isolation and using them with other tells is the right way to go. * Touching the neck in the front and the back, exhaling through puffed cheeks and touching the face, forehead rubbing and earlobe pulling, air ventilating to the neck are good signs distress and pacifying. * Women will check the dimple on the neck when they are highly stressed or are fearful. Playing with a necklace or any neck jewelry is indicative of the same. Men will adjust their tie knots. Common Mistakes while Reading People 1. Not establishing baselines This is the most common mistake people do while reading people. Baselines are crucial in the field of body language. A person who usually bites his nails or bites his lips on a poker table will probably do the same, hence, must not be mistaken for weak hand or stress setting or low confidence. Hence, before reading any person a baseline must be established. 2. Reading tells in isolation Another mistake people do reading tells in isolation. You cannot expect a tell to occur in a person nor can you read a tell in isolation like biting lips. It should be congruent with what’s happening on the table and in reaction to what others are doing. In other words, you must ask yourself what was the motivation behind him giving away a particular tell. 3. Reading is not an exact science One of the essential skills in poker is reading your opponent but there are other aspects to the game like game theory, probability which has to be taken to account. Reading should always be used as one of your tools in making your decisions at a poker table. REFERENCES 1. Body Language: How to Read Others Thoughts by Their Gestures. Allan Pease. 1988. Sheldon Press 2. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-body-language.htm 3. Body Language. Julius Fast (1971). Pocket Books. 4. Unmasking the Face: A Guide to recognizing emotions from Facial Expressions. Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Freisen (2003). 5. Secret of No Limit Holdem: An ultimate guide to all-in texas hold’em poker. Howard Lederer. 6. Read’em and Reap: A Career FBI Agent’s Guide to Decoding Poker Tells. Joe Navarro and Marvin Karlins.