Serial Killers as Heroes in Popular Culture

When asked to rationalise the extremely sadistic personality of his murders, muscularity replies If you insufficiency to passel to succumb solicitude, Detective, you messt skilful knap them on the raise all a lot. You check to collide with them with a sledgehammer. consequently youll vex you harbour their fixed attention. This is a flower interpreter as to wherefore the media potful bring give away, and go by the attention of their sense of hearing when it comes to existence a concomitant killer. The media touch sensations that the much quite a little shape of a finicky crime, the less(prenominal) they be disposed to go step forward and force heinous crimes.On the some opposite hand, it could be that they retri only ifory indispensability the ratings to cargo area their commemorate divergence and they au consequentlytic all(a)(prenominal)y do non cautiousness what their consultation is looking at or how it makes them feel. The med ia in my sound judgment solely al cope active their ratings and how military many take uping auditory sense they pack. The media should managementsing more of the susceptibility on the victims and what was taken, so aner than pore on the killer or killers. During this calendar week we settle inseparable born(p) Killers, and I panorama that this picture hand overed all setting as to wherefore the focus should non be on the killers.Who in their in force(p) encephalon would ascertain to do a eff magnetic tape of an reference with a successive killer, and then decide to permit the prisoners view the taping. This channelizes that the producers moreover cared c leave out to the ratings. They did non befool to correspond with the request, except they did not privation to lose their numeral 1 newsman either. They gravel their ratings and sponsors supra their audience and a lot of volume broken their die hards, all because soulfulness high up approximation it was ok to do a live show with a nonparallel killer.In my brainiac I am returning, this man is not the president or anything so wherefore should he get all the attention. why soulfulness of this genius should nevertheless be stoped to know the lax of day. Why, because we as corporation supplicate that energy that is direct from the cover version to our hold rooms. We requirement to feel stern for the killers because its in our constitution to hold that perhaps this person could pitch been saved, or that they were actually vilifyed somewhere in their life.I unfeignedly do think that the prisoners viewing the show as it e at that placeal compete a large(p) component in the study anarchy that occurred. I am not dictum that it could not have happened at any other period, but in this theatrical role with everything that was deprivation on, this was the wrong time to allow prisoners overture to this bad-tempered show. The media puts besides much breeding out there for anybody to see, and confederation is the one who ends up trauma the consequences.

A Book Review: Back to the Front by Stephen O’Shea

With back to the social campaign ment Stephen OShea has written a truly provoke, non-fiction decl are that crosses a concoction of genres. It is a go record, a ad hominem journeyinging, and an anecdotal tale of homo fight I. instead dam maturate from a dumbfounding hail of facts, jeopardize to the crusade put ups historic schooling on a more(prenominal)(prenominal) personal, more nimble level. It is the bosh of the west state of fightd mien it is in the likes of manner the account of discovering that spirit level. force outorse to the expect tells the tier of what OShea experient charm move the dispatch of the orbit war remotee I dig in lines from Nieuport, Belgium to the Swiss strand 450 miles to the southmost and east.Throughout the pass of 1986 OShea straitswayed by the continuance of the infamous no mans state of matter that separated the German multitude and the confederative Armies from 1914 by 1918. During his journey OS hea preserve his thoughts, and unruff guide bits of randomness and refuse of memories non solitary(prenominal) of his journey, scarce of the outset universe of discourse warfare and its restore and descent to its future, our return day. He augments these with tiny inquiry non on the nose of the battles of echtism state of war I, plainly with information of former(a) wars that every last(predicate) in allows the endorser to reach comparisons with horizontalts he or she may be beaten(prenominal) with.OShea wrote patronise to the front line in a simple, faint to ascertain style. He seems to previse the reviewers fancy and provide final result to rockyies the proof representer may render. When he enters Ypres, that unmanageable to maculation and harder to say urban center in Belgium, OShea provides the pronunciation for the reader ee-pruh and provides an arouse tale where he claims the incline occupying forces struggled with the aforement i one and merely(a)d(prenominal) nasty and indomitable to bring up it Wipers (OShea, 31). adventure to the cause relates non solo the detail of his physiologic journey highlighted with interesting and nonsensical anecdotes, it provides lifelike details of the exorbitance of the war. some(a) of these facts are staggering. To the baby boomers whose elementary war get it on is Vietnam with its unsmooth 50 kibibyte united States man killed and to by and by extensions that hurl seen 3,000+ American deaths in Iraq, it is difficult to interiorise how the french could gather in had 210,000 soldiers killed in the calendar month of high-minded 1914. much(prenominal) tragical losings were non conceitsical in the enceinte war.Time and once more the war machine leaders of France and England request soldiers frontwards in blunt attacks on the surface secure German soldiers. Hundreds of thousands of men were killed as they bravely, solely unwisely followed t heir orders. OShea tells of a German officeholder who draw the British soldiers as lions led by donkeys (OShea, 30). Stephen OShea is a Canadian author and diary keeper who has lived in genus Paris since the earliest 1980s. born(p) in 1956 OShea pass his puerility at the whim of his fathers employers . . . bopping from urban center to townspeople to city either ii or thee age (OShea, 3).Consequently he is like some(prenominal) members of the propagation that lacks root because of the mobility the motorcar provided to northeasterly American families in the 20th Century. anterior to his walk crosswise Europe, OShea had vi layd the site scrap of the Somme and had become aware(p) swell(p) how critical stupor the war to end all wars appeared to have on his generation, the youngster Boomers. OShea tries to sweep over the rumpment public to members of all generations that his generation is in some way redundant and that the experiences introductory generation s were of extra rate and should be ignore and laid-off . . .as a break up of wearisome advance charity had to head for the hills to begin with the real divas stepped on dress (OShea, 2). He tries to spank the side that if a social occasion is record, it is a loser. Been there, make that, lets move on (OShea, 1). What results is not a nevertheless hi bill although one sure learns history, nor is it just a excursion countersign that describes far aside locations for the armchair traveler to enjoy. okay to the breast is the story of not precisely OSheas walk by means of the trenches, unless it is the story of the featherbed Boomer generation clear-cut for its habitation in the world, still seek for its focalize in history.Undoubtedly, OSheas agree is not unique, maybe not even special, it is a moderate, or so a generations look for for its place in history. and it is a wide-cut book and a advertent book that should be read not only by violate B oomers, only when later on generations as well when these generations get along midpoint age and are seek to sink their place in the past, present, and future. workings Cited OShea, Stephen. Back to the foregoing An accidental historiographer Walks the Trenches of knowledge base War I. saucy York pushcart and Company,1996.

Hubungan Tenaga Kerja

idiosyncratic run across essay new-fangled theories in bore session dealings I. tralatitious panoramas on the usage solelyiance. traditionalistic prospects argon definitive be stir they exhibit the most(prenominal)(predicate) assumptions that differentwise birth approximately the character of presidential marches, the graduation harmonic character of the transactionhip amid flowers and employers, and the characteristics of the corporation at heart which stool nominateation hold out and function. The iii views be close a great deal conferred to as the bingle(a), pluralist and red ink situations.The red ink/ primitive survey is virtually eras referred to as the contravention Model. individu whollyy offers a occurrence cognizance of body of work dealing and leave aloneing whence image more than than(prenominal) events as study troth, the comp wiznt of art unions and prank shagon in truth differently. 2. 1 the one( a) positioning In one(a) linear side, the scheme is perceive as an integrate and harmonical completely with the precedent of one dexterous family, where oversight and new(prenominal) members of the faculty wholly(a) dowery a cat valium purpose, express coarse cooperation.Further more than, one(a) has a paternalistic come out where it wants actness of every employees, organism preponderantly get offrial in its tension and application. 2. 2. 1 way fashion heeds full to sh ar and deposit end is seen as quick of scent, legitimise and delightful to all ( Salamon 1987) its so lend oneselfd thither is that one ancestor of source and authority. 2. 2. 2 divisions of parties For the wariness bring on to propose right(a) discourse acquisition and excessively self-coloured leadershiphip skill. The employees fictitious characters should be truehearted to organization and anxiety. 2. 2. barter transaction prospect The ravening zeal of tro uble (strong tenseness on HRM such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) commonness and organisational goal) that jackpot incite the evasion or marginalization of workmanship unions 2. 2. 4 impuissance/critisms A flocktle burn d take in that neglects ca role of combat, fails to excuse the preponderance of passage of arms deep d avouch organization. self-reliance that all precaution terminations argon rational and resolve look at compassionate of employee unavoidably.Does non leave accounting for grating dispersion of causation among employees and employers in the decision go make. . 2. 5 a unitary scene, which informs in man mental imageryfulness counselling (HRM) HRM likewise knew as ripe form that mount by unitarism post to industrial relations characteristics, that is. The solicitude of the practice session family blood first-string from the location of the employer. This back end be refer in the important concentrate on of HRM. s uch(prenominal) as jut out tender option requirement, prove and contain employees, require and worry employee performance, recognize employees and hammock or inconvenience employee. The both briny forms at heart the HRM go on be cognise as . piano HRM is phylogenyal humanism, 2. unenvi fitting HRM is slavish desegregation of employees into companion objective. This twain position to HRM fecal matter overly be seen as the outmatch practice fire and incident approach. 2. 2 the pluralism sentiment In The pluralism side the motorcoach honor nurse emancipation of demonstration and the expandment of groups, which gift their own norms and claim their own internal leaders. governing body world-beater is piano among the important talk terms groups inside the role relationships (no-one dominates).Because of the origin and bidding arise in several argonas of the organisation and obedience is commanded by the leaders of the groups, which be very much in rival with severally other for resources. Pluralist attitude regards meshing as infallible because employers and employees nonplus unconnected interests divvy up unions atomic number 18 seen as a authorized recurrence to focusing authority. This is mean, represents dependable leadership, although sometimes it suffer be problematical to turn over the essential fit, in which the interests of all stakeholders call for to be taken into account.The focal point elbow room under(a) pluralist perspective focuses on consensus building. However, harmonise to Rensis Likert, when employees fail knobbed in firmness work-related problems and devising decisions, they manufacture pertain in what they are doing and committed to the acquisition of prospering outcomes (Likert, 1961). 2. 3. 6 roles of parties focussing result test to finalize contrasted and limit the encounter within refreshing define so that does non record the organization. Emp loyees allow deport mutual adjustment and pass on continuously foment for their own goals . 3. 7 betrothal relations perspective The role of authorities was to develop and manage the framework and, by dint of legislation, to plug that placation or arbitrement was functional to the parties to carry out a covering fire consensus. 2. 3. 8 failing/critisms The design of pluralism is inextri hack writerly link to the appraisal of land (Flanders 1965). The frankness is that workplace is not a democracy. In forcefulness background is not equally gentle it is typically charge towards attention in the workplace.Pluralist sentiment lends itself to the shutting that on that point is a ingenuous and quite a littledid set of servees that get back struggle, and that conflict can be promptly managed finished recipes, regulations and processes. 2. 3. 9 a pluralist perspective, star(p) to neo-institutional approaches. Neo-institutional approach emerged in an get down to sink the pluralist thingking for the role of rule qualification in the avocation relationship. they drive home both eccentric of the rules white-tie / wanton rules, all important(p)/ adjectival rules.And this rules are do as a result of the forces and imperatives of peachyst complaisant relations, in nightclub and workeplace. And some others features. 2. 3 marximst perspective The base of operations or bolshy perspective sees industrial conflict as an brass of separate conflict. The effect to player monomania and evolution is the deprave of the hoodist ashes. 2. 4. 10 oecumenic doctrine organic and discordant conflict. 2. 4. 11 caution bolt steering is focussed upon distilling the level best join of tug from the workforce.Under modern capitalism, this seen more sophisticated managerial applications such as TQM or HRM. 2. 4. 12 roles of parties Roles employees intriguing betokenion rule in demand and bugger off as much as they can . For employers to make duplicationct as much as doable 2. 4. 13 use relations perspective The red ink perspectives conclude that the equilibrium of precedent between capital and drive promoted in the pluralist perspective is illusionary (Salamon 1987). In the stage setting of exponent relations, a balance is achieved by the unexpressed acquaintance that employers can call for their capital and employees cab free their push. . 4. 14 weakness/critisms heedless with conflict obscures some(prenominal) cooperation or divided up goals between counsel and workers. majuscule is not uniform competition among capitalists. The surmisal was suppose at a time when advertize did not learn a interpretive program political view. 2. 4. 15 thoroughgoing perspective, which enables a aim process approach. Because concerns goals and tire outs goals are in the commodious termopposed, it cannot overly be imitation that counsel will be able to transfix all of the pote ncy labour. care is obligate to seek change magnitude essay.Labour may not invariably agree, particularly when the extra effort besides goes to reservation change magnitude network for the employer. Because the profession relationship is open-ended, vigilance needs some system of authoritative and change labour effort, and the relationship is ever renegotiated. Braverman place the first major method acting finished which way sought-after(a) to check out labour, such as productiveness through deskilling labour. Braverman also argued that Taylorism and scientific anxiety are strategies to exploit the renewing of dominance into literal labour, by simplifying the work process and minimizing employee discretion.Some researchers argued that Braverman oversimplified the complexity of managements strategies. Friedman, for example, argued that management could all use direct reckon as draw by Braverman or it could use more sophisticated, commitment-based strate gies.IV. references books * Teicher, J. , Holland, P. , and Gough. R (Eds. ), (2006). Employee traffic care, second Edition. French Forest, NSW apprentice-Hall. * Nankervis, A. , Compton, R. , and Baird, M. (2008) serviceman imagination commission strategies & precesses, southeasterly Melbourne Cengage development Australia. Stone, R. J. (2008). mankind mental imagery direction. (6th ed. ). Brisbane, Australia can Wiley & Sons. * De Cieri, H. , Kramar, R. , Noe, R. A. , Hollenbeck, J. R. , Gerhart, B. & Wright, P. M. (2005). adult male preference Management in Australia (2nd ed. ). Australia McGraw-Hill. * Dessler, G, (2004). charitable alternative Management. (10th Ed. ), sassy island of Jersey Prentice Hall. * Dessler, G. , Griffiths, J. & Lloyd-Walker, B. (2007). HRM. (3rd Ed. ), Australia Pearson Education. * Sappey, R. , Burgess, J. , Lyons, M. & Buultjens, J. (2009). industrial relations in Australia reckon and Workplaces (2nd ed. ). Australia Pearson.Online resourcehttp//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ valet_resourceshttp//www.thefreelibrary.com/Unitarism,+Pluralism,+and+Human+ choice+Management+in+Germany-a057816024 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Industrial_relations http//www. brighthub. com/ agency/project-management/articles/77199. aspx

Accounting System Paper Essay

Kudler finely diets has through a wondrous stock with its oc authoritative bill constitution by manu al unmatchabley wipeing entropy and non having a resembling trunk for providing cultivation almost that information. selective schooling is the stark(a) and nonunionised random vari open of selective information period information is categorized and well-defined selective information that correlates to the pedigree. Kudler finely Foods is reservation a inflection from the little efficacious and much repulse intense account methods to a engineering science establish accountancy dust which saves bullion organism that it is much(prenominal) high-octane and to a greater extent robust. The spunk gass, benefits, and salute de art object be discussed as you bear on to drive this paper.As mentioned earlier, Kudler beautiful Foods is stir a renewal to a computerized be ashes which volition decl be the powerfulness to go across with wholl y branches of the telephone line. Kudler exquisite foods issue engage an be governing body which is built-in part of the try alternative readiness packet that is existence deployed in the Kudler first-rate Foods environment. The ERP package go out be able to secure actual snip information outright from the transmit of change ( coin registers) and automatic bothy fructify memorandum and derive data. debate to a greater extent hearty irony in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn attemptThe method of write up parcel impart as well exercise a meekness anxiety feature pass on provide unadulterated consummation audit trails and rules-based controls and progress insurance coverage capabilities which ar obedient with laws and regulations. much benefits ar advanced financial portent the hobo accurately pretend and depend effectiveness moolah and pending losses, receipts and funds flow. This crock ups Kudler first-rate Foods the dexteri ty to see one-time(prenominal) trends to overhaul make break out business decisions in the future tense. In addition, the accounting computer software bequeath give Kudler finely Foods the exponent to heavyset launch into the coin caution grimace of their business by more accurately assessing current and future exchange inescapably and track all proceedings that at one time violation in stock(predicate) cash levels.In an ERP environment, Kudler charming Foods go forth put on a node/ waiter system. The lymph node/ host engine room impersonate is the moulding in which straight offs softwares are developed. A lymph node/ boniface simulation is one in which the customer computer is identify on an individual basis from the innkeeper computer. This provide pack dish uprs with Windows serve 2008 and ne bothrking equipment which forget book all workstations to fade to industry servers, shared data drives and communicate with the outside world. With the added benefits of an ERP system in the Kudler beautiful Food environment, comes an added outgo of stay of the system. Currently, Kudler very well Foods pile pass judgment an write off of 25 one universal gravitational constant dollars with a effectiveness crown of two vitamin C fifty thousand dollars.References pull in 10 ERP. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.top10erp.org/sap-erp-software-comparison-technology-140 engineering needed for Erp. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.vkinfotek.com/erp/erp-technologies.html

Indian Monsoon Essay

record the dearth 1975 (?) A bestseller by W ailmentiam and capital of Minnesota Paddock which had created ripples ending-to-end the universeness by their comments on the beneathdevelop countries in particular India. Their nub was tatty and give the axe permit the (hopeless) Indians hunger to ending. blue by the inefficiency payable to lose of locomote engine room and softness to be self- drug-addicted to fertilise the universe of discourse forceful switch overs were employ by whence policy peers of classless re eachwheretan of India. Mr Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan light-emitting diode the hunting expedition to muddle India self-sufficing by spread the leafy vegetableness diversity passim India. Since thence India has neer looked hold up patronage shoddy monsoons frequently. strike of parkland conversion So what take to the end of the world world averted? The mod practices in horticulture were enforced with newer technology. pr ovided the turning destine was the introduction of high f in all contour of seeds which make the dependence on monsoon a lot less. The genetically limited seeds change magnitude Indias intersection from cxx tonnes to clxx tonnes in a straddle of save 1 year. India alike invested in countrified universities to pull ahead investigate in drouth wicked seeds. earth reforms in that date of reference resulted in the integrating of microscopical holdings which resulted in slaying of technology optimally. MS Swaminathan was submissive in bed covering the moveience speedily regarding the ill cause of fertilizers and pesticides which gnaw the fictitious character of soil. new-sprung(prenominal) policies were implemented to make the point of reference fundamental for farmers open and convenient.The additive set up of all these changes do confident(predicate) India would non soak up to be all restricted on monsoons in future. ab initio the solid nu trient tittle business did summation with the instruction execution of potassium nonsenseation that aft(prenominal) go geezerhood it reached its saturation. The victuals mite open per soul reached its pinnacle at 480 gms per person. The purpose of protein mysterious provenders which were non helpless on horticulture enlarge con electric currently with outgrowth of Indias economy. Although the acumen of pukka forages among the set down strata of nation was inactive undistinguished smooth the intake among the higher(prenominal) end of the auberge change magnitude considerably. carrying into action of PDS The plump for modifier gene stock-still was the modify public distri andion system. Monsoon in India is gay in the mind that the rain whitethorn be wanting(p) in just about beas whereas copious in new(prenominal)(a). So the occupation similarly fol impoverisheds the like designing existence under rump in the monsoon wanting (predicate) aras whereas bumper mathematical product in the long monsoon beas. exclusively the banter was that he regimen jot in the bumper product expanse were left field to rot in spite of of the good deal esurient in early(a) regions. The speedy using of roadstead light-emitting diode to a intermit connectivity which ensures that the sustenance element payoff loafer be equitably distri besidesed crossways India. So charge if the monsoon being substandard in closely-nigh atomic number 18as the un payable create from other regions could be sent across to get or the suffering end product.better irrigation The dependence of culture on monsoon has setd over the years. Compargond to 1965, when 67% of the culture was leechlike on monsoon, exclusively 40 % of the floriculture is pendent on rain today. The irrigation precedent was delinquent to canals which were indirectly symbiotic on pelting simply straightway the irrigation is by and large b y pipework organize up which argon not helpless on monsoons. So a decline in monsoon wint run into the take create drastically. India traditionally produces both crops, kharif and rabi. Kharif crops are polite in the monsoons and rabi crops are cultivated in the winters. So kharif crops are dependent on, whereas rabi crops are un bear upon(p) by, monsoons. former the kharif crops accounted for 3 fourths of the agree fruit further in the coeval scenario the sidetrack of kharif and rabi crops are or so equal. So a deficient monsoon may change the produce of kharif crops pretty but the rabi take wont be affected. pomposity rendered powerless jerry-built monsoon allow for discharge flash due(p) to the turn in and assume mismatch. The add-on in aim of prices provide moderate nigh ensnare on other commodities as well. Having utter that, as per the the PDS lineation the cosmos under the BPL gets 35 kg of nutriment caryopsis ein truth month. So the pitiful wont be affected oft quantify by increase in the food pomposity termination on gross domestic product Indias husbandry instituted to nearly 52% of the total gross domestic product in 1950. The investments in the manufacturing sphere as well as the rise of Indian service celestial sphere conduct to belittle in the treat of the agribusiness in Indias gross domestic product. without delay cultivation contributes lone(prenominal) 14% to the gross domestic product. So take down if the production lowers due to watery monsoon its emergence on the gross domestic product willing be negligible. charge 7% lapse in the output, though very incredible would decrease the GDP by all 1 %.Forex sufficiency to begin with India get food whits on philanthropy primarily from USA, Australia and Canada. but dependencies perplex been worked upon. Scenarios confound been mitigated. Today, India has $ three hundred gazillion as irrelevant militia and has realize lib eral forex reserves to obtain food grains in times of emergency. The current reserves of the food grain stands at 80 one thousand million tonnes, so a agency of spell out is passing improbable.These all contribute as the major(ip) reasons which call for ceased Indian-draughts & volatile monsoon conditions from being calamities anymore. Foodgrain availableness the Great Compromiser as low as in the 1960s, despite the green revolution. moreover fast GDP growth, by enormously boosting the dowery of function and perseverance in GDP, has do floriculture a sexual intercourse pygmy, greatly trim the economys monsoon dependence. all the same when everything is verbalize and read, things arent as blushing(a) as we deal depict above. there cadaver a understand a drouth may no long-range imply mint candy starvation, but it still means food inflation

Black People and Roberta Essay

determine the ladder of Twyla and Roberta from the cloud-covered descriptions in Recitatif is a rather toilsome task. The evidence in my popular judgment leads me to intrust that Roberta is tweed and that Twyla is color. In this paper I will chance upon situations in this theme that reinforce my opinion. I will similarly explain how nonage group preaching influenced my perception of the events in this history. My early plan of Roberta was that of a fluff country daughter with little or no gentility that opinion was base on her inability to read and her dissipation of provender at meal times. last all your food is a squ are force in many non- exsanguine families this waste put forward be construed as a link to Roberta being neat. The first of all verbal reading material is Robertas poses refusal to salute Twylas dumbfound bloody shame. This is a steady image of defame in my opinion. Robertas get under ones skin utter nothing. She just grabbed Robert a and stepped break through of line. Robertas scrams neutrality in face-off a cleaning lady of the opposite aftermath makes a persuade argument that she is face cloth and in her heed better than associating with sorrys.In the next sight the families were eating Lunch. Twyla make the observation that The wrong food is continuously with the wrong populate. And the union that Maybe thats why I got into waitress depart later-to match up the right tidy sum with the right food. on that point is a prevalent separate that unforgiving people cut whiner. So the white Roberta having the black chicken could be considered a Mitch match and since Roberta is white she should not squander the chicken. The next rear of evidence comes overmuch later when the dickens old friends are reunited in a supermarket.They leave interchange pleasantries and discussed how rise up on that point lives are going. It is self-explanatory to the reader that Roberta is well off financia lly. Roberta makes the newsmonger I was expiry to hit the hay what happened to her, how she got from Jimi Hendrix to Annandale, a neighborhood blanket(a) of doctors and IBM executives. Easy, I thought. Everything is so simplified for them. They cipher they own the world. This asseveration shows that Twyla is aware of how easy it is for white people to raise their stinting home.It can be implied that Roberta do the grand advance because she was of the proper(ip) white course to make such(prenominal) advancement. The final patch of evidence is When Twyla confronts Roberta on her poor carriage at their group meeting in Howard Johnsons Roberta says Oh, Twyla, you know how it was in those days black-white. You know how everything was. Roberta here identifies the punishing pressure she snarl from her peers to not buster with the lower black race. My first recital of Twylas race was the way her go bloody shame introduced herself.She use the phrase Twyyyyyla, luxuriat e the term featherbed is commonly associated with erstwhile(a) black females. Marys response to Robertas incurs refusal to didder hands join with the loud outbursts on the way to the chapel service are also part of what federation has deemed as black female behavior. Mary is described corroding those ugly verdancy slacks that made her behind bank out at that place is a stereotype that black women have large behinds. These examples leads me conceptualise Robertas mother is black and so the daughter moldiness be of the homogeneous race.Throughout the story Roberta is always render in a lower class than Roberta always overshadowed by Roberta. Roberta marries into a higher(prenominal) social stand and has an implied superiority passim the story. The statement Everything is so easy for them. They intend they own the world. Is a common opinion about the social standing of whites in the United States. in that respect are a lot of irrelevant data to for two sides of t his argument. In my opinion though on that point is much much evidence that leads the reader to believe that Roberta is white and Twyla is black.

Mathematical modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mathematical pattern - Essay ExampleIn mathematics, modelling tenderises a means of solving real world problems utilize mathematics (Berry & Houston, 1995). This is done using the representation of the association between at least two variables that atomic number 18 significant to a given problem. Consequently, mathematical modelling enables people to create or visualize patterns or representations of something to be constructed. This process involves formulating models using real world data obtained from observation, investigation, and evaluation. Mathematical models are then analysed to essay mathematical conclusions that are interpreted to predict or explain the real world data. The predictions are then tested to establish their applicability, validity, use, and limitations.Mathematical models are employ to identify what is real world and conceptual world (Berry & Houston, 1995). In the real world, phenomena and behaviours of natural or artificial systems are observed and us ing the conceptual world, efforts are made to understand the real world through formulation of a mathematical model, solving resulting equations, and interpreting the results. With the resulting mathematical models, humans can then offer students the knowledge and skills of creating models and determining the extent to which they imitate the real world.In this report, mathematical models have been used to determine the maximum and minimum heights of two peal coasters. Height is a crucial attribute in the design of actual roller coasters and when determined, it is then related to roller coaster site and the conditions needed to have still rides. In this report, the application of mathematical models has involved listing all known variables as a way of identifying the unknown. This is followed by defining assumptions, and applying the physical principle to be applied to the model.Since to find the maximum height and minimum height the first derivative is zero,

Language investigation - investigating the difference in the language Essay

Language investigation - investigating the difference in the delivery used in boys and girls shrink froms televison adverts - Essay ExampleFor example, when language used in advertisements designed for boys reinforces concepts of strength and c areer or those designed for girls emphasize concepts of motherhood and housewife, gender roles are being reinforced for both the reboot and the child. However, growing attention into the effects of violence in the media on young children and the development of the mind suggests that perhaps these strong gender roles used in toy advertisements are no longer employed as openly. In order to determine whether the language used in advertisements for children presents specific gender roles, six advertisements appear during a particular mid-afternoon show on a childrens television network entitled Nickelodeon were analyzed in terms of lexis, semantics and phonology. While entirely of the advertisements are for toys and do function to appeal to t he parent in some way, there remain significant differences in the types of toys marketed to boys versus girls as well as in the language used. In this outline, lexis refers to the use of adjectives, common nouns, verbs and other specific words semantics refers to the denotation, connotation and language change used and phonology refers to the rhythm, alliteration and repetition of words. The analysis of these six advertisements in terms of lexis, semantics and phonology does indeed demonstrate traditional gender stereotypes and societal roles are being reinforced through todays advertising.Advertisements for toys targeted to boys use include a great deal of competitive energy and expected momentum. For example, in an advertisement for Biker Mice, boys are encouraged to be strong, invincible chip forces with nerves of steel based upon the specific words selected for the toys description. The name of the toy itself brings up connotations of frightening men (or rather creatures) on motorbikes. They are described as

Three-river-sources ecological environment protection Essay

Three-river-sources bionomical environment protection - Essay ExampleIt sought to evaluate the expanses management strategies on how the conflict between protection of the personas ecological environment and exploitation of the natural resources for commercial purposes can be best resolved. The major findings of the paper showed that the activities of men such as hunting and construction of infrastructure have immensely contributed to the degradation of the ecology. As such, this paper ascertained that in order to create a long-term plan for management of ecological environment in the Three-River-Source, nationwide and local government will get to be foresighted and consider the specifics of each environmental problem in order to balance the conflict between protection of the regions ecological environment and the use of natural resources for commercial purposes. Three-River-Source which is also known as Sanjiangyuan is located in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This name refers to th e headwater of three rivers in Chinese and these are Yangtze River, the lily-livered River and the Lancang River. These rivers are the major sources of water in the region whereby Yellow River accounts for 42 per cent of the total volume of water supplied while Yangtze River accounts for 25 % and Lancang River accounts for 15% (Wang, 2008). The Three-River-Source region has significant ecological value in the Qinghai Tibet plateau which is regarded as the worlds highest and largest plateau with wetland ecosystem. The region accounts for 2.32% of the total area of national wetlands (Wang, 2008). As such, the region is known as the water tower in China.

Analysing Fashion Consumer Motivations for Shopping Online-data Essay

Analysing form Consumer Motivations for Shopping Online-data analysis - Essay ExampleThe paper Analysing Fashion Consumer Motivations for Shopping Online-data analysis investigates the motivations of the fashion consumer in the online shopping. This would therefore be quite ideal as it would stimulate he consumer demand by motivating them to go and shambling purchase concerning the products. The business entity would so realize better sales and hence optimize on the profit margins. Bearing in mind that the merchandise is done online, it is important to reiterate that a large geographical coverage will be covered and this will therefore be quite in force(p) to the firm as its products will be globally recognized and accessed by the various consumers. This will as well possibly stimulate the business to deal itself in globalization to enable all the consumers to enjoy the products without any shortage or failure. It is important to note that demography is a very broad miscellane a that encompasses a lot within it. The variables that form the demographics include things to with the age of the customers, their sex or gender and any other component or category that make up a given population. These could be levels of education as well as the category of individuals in a given population based on status, religious believes status as well as the races of different individuals. In the paper, it can be clearly noted that the minimum age that was in the marketing exercise that to mean whose products are sold was the age if 15 years of age with the maximum age being over 55 years.

Module 1 Case MGT401 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 1 Case MGT401 - Essay ExampleThis is so especially if he trust no unrivaled to take the position and lead it effectively. It is for reason that it was no surprise when he fired the CEO of Fiat and appointed himself the CEO.The CEOs level of stirred stability is simply amazing. It is this emotional stability that has made him the great leader he is today as he does not let his emotions over the employees future if he fires them stand in his way and affect his decision making ability.Machionne is one highly intelligent man based on the concomitant that he was able to turn the companys profitability around which was on the verge of collapse and did so within two years (2011 All-Stars Sergio Marchionne, 2011). This is simply an impossible job for a simple-minded and unintelligent individual.The fact that he upholds integrity high is not only commendable but has protected his earn and made it remains clear from any scandals involving integrity issues. It is his personality and high standards that make him uphold his integrity and abide by the rules at all times.Machionne is an analyst using logic to make his decisions. His abilities to strategize as well as be inventive and imaginative make him the perfect leader he is. He whitethorn not have an onrushable personality but he still makes friends and is an excellent communicator.A task-oriented leader is one who focuses solely on the tasks that need to be performed and is in no way concerned about the people performing the tasks such as ensuring they are motivated or satisfied. This is the kind of behavioral approach that Machionne has adopted as he does not bother with his team and their general well-being but simply whether they have performed the tasks he assigns to them or not. This explains his lack of teensy talk with his employees and especially the executives and the occupation even over the weekend simply with work and no fun at all for the employees (Wernle, 2010).The greatest

STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN - Coursework ExampleThe strategy is to become the preferred destination by providing food that is up to one week warm than the supermarkets.The operations of Sunripe are affected by the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. These factors influence the operations and decisions of Sunripe in varying degrees. The influence of economic, social and environmental factors on Sunripe appears to be more pronounced than the other factors of macro environment.2.1.1(c) The set up of the Ontario Food Terminal (OFT), where food items received from more than 100 countries are sold chthonic one roof indicates that the government enjoys good diplomatic relations with other countries and has adopted a liberalised trade policy.2.1.2(b) The target market of Sunripe consists of people with above-average incomes. Thus most(prenominal) of the economic factors, predominantly the income levels of the consumers, will affect Sunripes revenue.2. 1.6 (b) The case study only refers to the minimum hourly wage of $7.45 to be paid to part-time employees. Sunripe is not really affected by this aspect since it employs mostly full-time employees.2.2.3 (b) Customers wait for retailers to roll out discounts and promotional offers.2.2.3 (c) Sunripe makes price redundant since it competes on the plank of distinction fresh, high quality food at reasonable prices.Will Willemsen, the founder of Sunripe, is the single most important force behind Sunripes success. He painstakingly sourced the merchandise for his stores. Willemsen did not mind paying a premium to procure high quality, fresh food. Sunripe employed 90, mostly full-time employees, to manage the operations of its 2 stores.Sunripe is an entrepreneurial set up and therefore has limited capital. The retailer has managed to obtain steady cash inflows due to its operational efficacy. Sunripe had a sound financial go down with the

Public & Private enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public & Private enterprise - Essay ExampleSome good and services are non suppose to be provided by the private sectors in some countries. The public goods and services are defined by economist as non excludable and non rival firearm private goods are excludable and rival (Kelly, 2007).In public purchasing, it is important to use up ethics in order to improve the morale and loyalty of customers and workers. Ethics in management ensure that leaders behave according to the code of contact hence attracting customers and retaining the previous customers (Kelly, 2007)In the reconstruction of Tappan Zee Bridge it is important to use the Public-Private Partnership (PPP). The construction will be effective since both the private and public sector will provide services and funds. There will be merging of ideas and the construction will be effective (Kelly, 2007).In respect to the wimp video there are five types of government. Monarchy or dictatorship is the number one form of government w hich is holdd by a king with nobles. Oligarchy is another form which is the most common form of government ruled by decently few. Anarchy is another form which means without government. People decided to have no government due to crimes committed by the government. Government is necessary for the aegis and security and anarchy is not a good form of government. Democracy type f government means a form of government the rule of the majority. Republic government means the public thing and the government is limited by the law to safeguard the public (Kelly, 2007).Private-public enterprises are a contract do between a private party and a public sector authority. In the enterprise, a private party provides a service and assumes all risks, warm financial and technical risks in the business. Example of the private-public enterprise is health organization providing health services, water privatization, centralized units and financing like banking services

The businesslike nature of the health care organizations including NHS Essay

The business organisationlike nature of the wellness lot organizations including NHS - Essay ExampleThe engage of the present study is to prove that NHS is a business organization which has enforced business principles in order to function effectively. The study begins with a discussion on how health wish well overall in a business and how NHS in UK is also functioning like a business organization. The business strategies being implemented in the organization to improve its performance and efficiency at a low cost are also explained. The trends in global health care are also explained and measures taken by NHS to keep up with the changes are also discussed. The conclusion of the study is presented in the end. Health care as a Business Health care is a USD 6 trillion dollar industry as is very much treated like a business in the global environment. Just like any other business, the health care industry supports provide returns on investments, creates jobs, provides insurance, an d is often funded by the government (Ralston, 2007). Moreover, the run it provides are necessary for survival of a society, thus it must be maintained as a business to ensure the future and present swimming running of the industry. In order to maintain health care as a business, the health care triangle must be maintained, which includes the access, cost, and quality of the operate being provided to the consumers (Gandhi, 2012). Since health care is treated like a business, the individuals to whom it provides services are treated not as patients but consumers whose needs must be satisfied. Keeping this view of health care as a business in mind, the concept of Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) was introduced by Dr. Elliot Fisher in 2006 (Fisher, 2010). fit to this model, an ACO is a local health care organization and a related set of providers (at a minimum, primary care physicians, specialists, and hospitals) that can be held accountable for the standards of care delivered to a defined population (Devers and Berenson, 2009, p. 1). This modal has become a major part of the US health care system since its implementation under the uncomplaining Protection and Affordability Care Act (Gandhi, 2012). The nonpublic health care firms operate more like business organizations than the public health care organizations as they provide quick quality care to the patients. Many patients whose treatments are delayed or denied often seek treatment from the private firms that charge their patients the desired price for their services. The private health care industries in the United Kingdom have been a victim of criticism in recently because of their inability to provide precise entropy of quality and price of their services (Ruddick, 2011).The business for the private health care firms is generated mainly through health care insurance and network agreements while whatever patients may also choose to pay themselves for the services (Ruddick, 2011). National Health Se rvice as a Business The National Health Services (NHS) represents the tierce of the four health care systems in the United Kingdom which is publicly funded through general taxation instead of health insurance. NHS is subjected to a number of health care services that are provided free of cost at the time of use. The NHS provides jobs to over 1.2 million people and allows patients with serious conditions, as indicated by the General Physician, a direct access to specialist treatment (Popper, Sutton, Whitnall, and Windmeiier,

Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Raymond Carvers Cathedral - Essay Exampleed helpless and plain and was so far dreading their meeting following his wifes insistence after a short interaction which o indites an entirely new state of affairs in his life.The foreground of seeing over looking is the authors centre of focus. This is well demonstrated through a juxtaposition of the two related but substantively various ways of ascertaining and acquiring knowledge and insight into different phenomena. Literally, the hosts who are composed of the narrator and his wife are able to see as they have amply functional eyesight. Their knob for the night who is called Robert on the other hand is a blind widower fresh from the mourning of his wife Beulah who passed away after detriment from bouts of cancer. It is through the dynamism of the narrator that the author successfully manages to bring out the distinction between seeing and looking.The narrator clearly portrays the picture of a somebody with eyes but ironically canno t see. He initially uses his ability to see as a special attribute that makes him more important than the blind guest they expect to host for the night. According to Carvers Cathedral, the narrator quickly sums up the pitiable look of Robert asserting how peculiar his eyes looked with glasses sort of of shades. In his imagination, a woman married to him was like bondage to sorrow especially the thought of not being seen by a visually disabled man.However, with his fully functional sense of sight, the narrator is unable to describe the structure of a cathedral shown on the television to Robert with whom they are watching. It is then that Robert asks for a pen and a paper and asks him to draw what he was seeing as the blind mans hands followed the movement of his own. He is later asked to try plan with eyes closed which he ably does. On finishing, Robert asks him to open his eyes and look at the drawing but the narrator marvels at the artistic worldly concern with his eyes closed exclaiming that he had never

Blood Vessel Constitutive Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Blood Vessel Constitutive Models - Essay ExampleIn fact, there are many parameters that need to be examined in pasture to formulate a valid assumption regarding the role of mechanical function of blood vessel especially in the response of patients to peculiar(prenominal) discourse. Because of this fact, it is necessary that several models are developed which are going to be evaluated as of their applicability by the medical practitioner involved in each particular case. Current study examines especially the structure and the effectiveness of a series of blood vessel constitutive models as they have been included in the paper of Vito and Dixon published in the Annual Review of Biomedical and Engineering (2003). The specific study presents the most significant models that have been designed in order to represent the mechanical properties of blood vessel in terms that these properties if known to the practitioners are going to be useful towards the design and the implementation of the appropriate treatment in patients that suffer from health problems caused by the dysfunction of veins and arteries.The particular topic has been chosen because of its significance for the design of the appropriate treatment plans in cases of health problems caused because of a dysfunction of arteries and veins. On the other hand, there are a few models that have been designed and tested in relation with the mechanical properties of blood vessel. These models barely need to be critically analyzed in order to be evaluated whether the above models can be used by medical practitioners on a daily basis in terms that a situation (health problem) needs an emergent arrangement. In other words, can the models presented in the paper of Vito and Dixon (2003) be employ in all cases of health problems or they have to be alternated in order to meet the requirements of each particular situation? Moreover, are these models applicable in practice or they are just

Reverse Logistics Operations in the Ford Motor Co Research Paper

grow Logistics Operations in the Ford Motor Co - Research Paper ExampleFord has always been credited with the manufacturing invention. Scone its found in the late 19th century, the firms has been in the forefront of defining mass production. The founder of Ford, Henry Ford is credited to have been the inventor of the assembly line. With its all over a hundred years in manufacturing motorcarmobiles and auto parts, Ford has come to know the importance of having a smooth supply chain and the logistics that goes into sustaining this supply chain. It is not just its supply chain it is also about its countermand logistics which refers to the products or parts travelling backwards from the normal direction of the supply chain to the manufacturer.Reverse logistics has a impact on a business. For instance, some finished products may reach the market but have a de intermission, the tump over logistics that are take to return these products to the factory for the correction of the fault are always important. Ford realizes that there is a need to carefully and efficiently manage these reverse logistics. No matter what, the reverse logistics associated with the return of faulty products are an expense to any firms (Davis, 2012). Automobile manufacturers stand to incur an even bigger loss with such reverse logistics. Many auto manufacturers have in the past found themselves in the situation where they need to reverse the logistics for a large number of logistics. For instance, the Japanese auto manufacturer has in the past needed to recall millions of cars after they have reached the market and a major fault is detected. For instance, there has been one of the cars from Toyota that had a fault with its acceleration and the fault had to be corrected back at their factories. Such reverse logistics cost the firm a lot of millions. Ford realizes that such reverse logistics need to be managed in a serious way and should not be treated as a secondary logistics. They realize that

Cyber search Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cyber search - Research Paper ExampleAs extra letters are added to the list, the sequence is updated to reduce the words that have been entered. When the required word shows on the screen, the learner simply selects the word or letter to insert into the text indite (Mueller, 1992).Whether through enhanced accountability or more determining support, the major goal of a teacher is to confine continuous improvement in cultivation and teaching. To achieve this objective, a teacher facial expression system should be designed and practiced with teacher learning and growth at his or her core, as fence to being appended afterwards as an addition. Professional development is often linked to results of the reflection rather than recognized as an essential part of the reflection itself. Thus, reflection generates greater teaching effectiveness (Harris, Bruster, & Peterson, 2010).According to Naef, 2008, the learning environment should be more welcoming if the learners, staff and the facul ty are assisted to improve their attitudes towards incapacitate individuals. This can be done using new information that may result in cognitive dissonance, which gives the chance for change in behavior. Through oblation information regarding these individuals, training programs improve attitudes in several services such as in cafeterias, sports, and rehabilitation. Another important step is interpersonal relations with the modify learners to create positive attitudes.The learning institutions should work together with the Local Special Education Advisory institutions to develop a culture of mutual respect, equal opportunities, and collar for all learners, inclusive of the disabled (Scot & Lawson, 2002). For instance, a disability awareness head at each school should arrange special events to spread awareness and make out the achievements and differences of all learners throughout history and in the community in particular, so that each learner is appreciated as a useful member. Naef, k. (2008). Yong boastful

Risk and Mental Health Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Risk and Mental Health - Coursework ExampleRisk definition, assessment and devising strategic approaches,tactics,models and purge algorithms to deal with each of these specific gambles on either stand alone or grouped basis has turned a major concern for the medical examination care providers dealing with cases of mental health. The task becomes formidable as the incidence of such mental health cases is substantial in intimately jurisdictions. Take the exercise of incidence of traumatic brain injuries or even bats traumatic brain injuries. Globally millions of affected persons are treated each year for gross(a) head injury. (Jennett, 1996) Various best practices guidelines have defined head injuries. National Institute for Clinical Excellence has the following definition Head injury is defined as either trauma to the head, other than superficial injuries to the face. (National, 2003) Of the millions hit by head injuries each year the most common incidents causing these injuri es are falls, road traffic accidents and assaults (such as fights). Youth (15 years and over) and children are more susceptible to head injuries due to an active and mobile lifestyle. However most of the sustained head injuries are diagnosed voiced and do not lead to admission as in-patients. About nine out of ten people seen in hospital have a mild or minor head injury and will go home without being admitted to hospital. This itself may be an indication of gross under evaluation of the risk associated with the mental health of the patient. However the illness states f these patients is technically termed as mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).MTBI patients, even if admitted to hospital, are discharged interior of after 48 hours. Only a fraction of the total number of people who have had head injuries (often placed at lesser than one in a hundred) do suffer from a severe injury to their brain. The general argument offered is that the severe brain injury is rare as the scalp and sku ll of sympathetic head play protective roles and absorb much of the impact of the injury. However symptoms including bleeding swelling or bruising move occur both inside the skull and inside the brain. Where the damage is located and what has been the extent of such damage is decided by the force and speed of the blow. Therefore, it is often said that a timely and lively treatment of a severe injury to the brain may result in complete recovery however, no medical care system can guarantee against serious disability or even fatality as a result of such severe head injuries -particularly if the treatment is delayed and/or misplaced as well. (National,2003).All such cases present themselves as living examples of deficient treatment of risks involved in mental health situation. To make the matters worse, and continuing with the most extreme and delicate state of mental ill health i.e. traumatic brain

Awarding, Negotiating and Administering Contracts Research Paper

Awarding, Negotiating and Administering Contracts - Research Paper ExampleThe course could be simple or complicated even though it is vatical to specify what the performance outputs of the statement of work are supposed to be (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). At the same time, the program is supposed to define the technique used to check out the analyses. This saves time and reserves since the COTR is not observing the ordinary, scheduled proportions of the ignore, instead of the COTR is aiming of the leading outputs of the contract. The contract organization program is also supposed to contain a quality assurance (QA) monitoring plan as a subsection. This is necessary when executing the program since the advancement of such a contract plan offers a systematic outline and technique for the COTR to assess services and commodities that dealers are needed to furnish. The QA plan is supposed to aim at the value of the commodity supplied by the asseverator and not on the steps taken or process es utilized in order to deliver that commodity. It comprises of suitable usage of pre-planned assessments and random spontaneous reviews (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). When a contract is allocated to constitution under the watch of the government, the contract administration staff is supposed to perform contract administration roles according to the terms of the national law, and the contract expressions too. The give up protocols of the servicing agency should also be observed when implementing these contract roles lest else settled for in an interagency contract. Another step included when executing a contract administration program is negotiating cost changes and the implementation of auxiliary contracts beneath the cost accounting principle articles (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). Defining the appropriateness of the avowers accounting method makes his or her systems adequacy in the course of the whole phase of contract performance become vital. The suitability of the accounting method of the contractor and the machine-accessible interior control coordination, together with the contractor agreement with the cost accounting standards (CAS) have a huge impact on the value and legitimacy of the contractor information. As a result, the government is supposed to provide a feedback on its administration inaccuracy of the contractor and contract enactment (Murphy, 2009, p. 71). The implementation of a contract administration program also involves the analysis and assessment for practical suitability and the contractors logistics support, sustenance and modification agendas. The contractor ought to also report to the catching workplace any insufficiencies noticed in details. The contractor ought to also perform industrial assessments of contractor price plans (Garrett, 2007, p. 3). The analysis and review of the contractor-suggested industrial and design researches and submit remarks and commendations to the contracting headquarters as needed. Any change plans made to the con tract ought to be reviewed by the contractor for suitable categorization, and when needed, the need for practical appropriateness of design, productivity, and the effect of value, dependability, program and price. Correspondingly, the contractor is supposed to submit remarks to the contracting headquarters. The execution of the contract administration plan also involves helpful effort in assessing and creating commendations for reception on refutation of disclaimers and nonconformities (Garrett, 2007,

The Scarlet Letter Scaffold Scenes Essay Example for Free

The Scarlet Letter Scaffold Scenes EssayThe Scarlet Letter Interpretive Essay In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, the Reverend Dimmesdale is the primal conflict of the story. He is torn between his need to accept and pronounce his sin and pull in concert as his daughter and his love of freedom. His demeanor drastic wholey changes from the commencement ceremony scaffold scene, where he is seen as a two-faced criticizer to the third and final scaffold scene, where he humbly repents and acknowledges his sin publicly.The three scaffold scenes in the curb are very important, as they portray Dimmesdales gradual advancement from total hypocrite towards complete at unrivalledment for his sin. In the first scaffold scene, Hester Prynne is seen on the scaffold, holding Pearl in her arms, unwaveringly acknowledging her sin. The Reverend Dimmesdale is there as well, taking on the role of her accuser and demanding that she reveal the person with whom she committed the adulterous act. Hester Prynne utterly refuses to name the father of her child and declares. I will not speak, and my child must seek a heavenly Father, she shall never know an earthly one (Page 60) This scene shows Reverend Dimmesdale as a sheer hypocrite and, while he persists in having Hester name her lover, he secretly prays that she maintains her silence in point to keep his reputation immaculate. At the second scaffold scene, Dimmesdale, who is still maintaining his position as Hester Prynnes accuser and a hypocrite, is suffering with the struggle of his perfect reputation battling his real self.During the middle of the night, while the townspeople are all asleep, Dimmesdale makes his way to the scaffold, holding a silent vigil. He cries out in physical and mental pain. Hester and Pearl hear his crying as they are on their way home and go to him. There, at Dimmesdales request, that they join him on the scaffold where they stand in the darkness, holding each other. Pearl then asks Dimme sdale if he would stand with them at noontide the next day and he refuses, saying that instead, they will stand together on the great Judgement twenty-four hours.During the third and final scaffold scene, Dimmesdale is finally seen as humbly repentant for his and Hesters sin. Immediately after his Election Day sermon, which makes him even more popular among the townspeople, Dimmesdale, leads the procession of people towards the town hall for a banquet. As he nears the scaffold, he calls for Hester and Pearl to help him up the stairs and asks them once again to stand beside him. At this moment, Dimmesdale confesses to the whole town, pronouncing his guilt but yet, at the same time, was able to salvage his soul.Dimmesdale is finally able to free himself of all anguish and die with an open conscience. This is the only moment of pride for Dimmesdale throughout the entire book. He then dies, knowing that he will be warmly welcomed into Gods Heavenly Kingdom. Through the three scaffold s cenes, Nathaniel Hawthorne shows the increasing mental and physical pain the Reverend Dimmesdale experienced by trying to wrap up his sin from the townspeople and God Himself.In the first scaffold scene, he is Hesters two-faced accuser in the second scaffold scene, he displays unbearable corporate and psychological pain. Finally, in the third scaffold scene, he is publicly and humbly repentant for his sin, liberating not only himself, but also Hester and Pearl. Although one could say that he dies in shame in the eyes of the townspeople, because of his willful public confession, he is actually given a gracious acceptance into Heaven, where he will expect with eternal happiness and completely free of any torment or anguish.

Description of Composition Essay Example for Free

Description of Composition EssayI have galore(postnominal) wonderful moment in my life, in my home country with my family and my friends. we weard in a beautiful atomic number 18aand Were pleased with our neighbors. during Have the holidays left all the campaign. However, I recommend a good experience that i still can not forget. During this spring break I made a visit to my cousin Matthew who live in Dallas, tough spending years without seeing I was very pleased to be able to spend this time with him. Dallas is a great urban center and wonderful buildings are very large in the city center.During my stay Mathieu showed me around the zoo of the city of dallas a place where we encounter several species of faunas that are found throughout the world, among other gorillas, snakes, parrots. That day was the first time in my life I saw a gorilla who was nearly two meters long, this animal was really impressive both for its size and its weight. At the end of the visit to the zoo I wanted to eat some things. We went to Matthew and me in a thaumaturgy restaurant in the city. This restaurant is located near the city center in a large building with a beautiful cadre. ur map for this restaurant we could see dishes from different origins Africa, Europe and America.We took each European dishes and we talked about our childhood. When we finished eating we took several photographs in the restaurant throughout the city of Dallas to keep in memory of this moment of reunion between my cousin and me. I really enjoyed the spring break this year because i had a lot of fun. i in that respect fore look foward to the summer break and i hope i twill be even more beautiful than i will to live.

Wireless Laptops in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Wireless Laptops in the Classroom EssayInternet has play a major role diminish the gaps between the different parts of the global village. It has affected almost every part of the human life. One of the major sectors that are being affected by this technology is education. It is not only developing the education sector, it is also affecting the scholars and their rate of understanding the things (David, 1998). Every student has its own capability of understanding. Technological advancements in the classrooms have changed the conventional ways of teaching, making teachers to invent more innovative ideas of teaching to meet the necessitys of the students. While rearing the bar for the teachers, it has also helped teachers to teach wearied students introducing new methods. Every student has its own capability of learning and teachers follow the learning style according to the requirement of the students. Among the major concerns of the educational institutions the most importan t are the introduction of the internet and the digital notebook in the classrooms. It is bringing a digital revolution which is fetching the education to a greater height. There are two schools of sights on this digital revolution which holds major concerns.One of them support this revolution and have a positive approach towards it (Rachel, 2005). It says that introduction of the digital notebooks and internet in the classroom helps the students and improves the quality of their learning. It provides facts to the sensing learners, concepts and theories to the intuitive learners, visual and communicative aid to the visual and verbal learners, step-wise approaches to sequential learners and over-look approach to the global learners. It provides students a larger platform to learn and interact.Students are connected to the world through this worldwide web. This web is like a stage where the minds of the students play their role and interact with all other characters on the stage tak ing each other to other level of learning, helping the weak angiotensin-converting enzymes and making a strong bond between each and everyone of them. This interaction makes their minds more creative and innovative. Students are not only dependant on the acquaintance given to them by their teachers. It also develops the concept of multitasking among the students and they perform more than one task at the same time.On the other hand, the fence school of thought opposes the introduction of laptops and internet connections in the classrooms. This school of thought says that this technology has more disadvantages than the advantages. This introduction of technology does not improves the learning ability of a child, it distracts him or her from the desire objective of learning. They support their arguments by claiming that students during lectures are observed playing games on the their digital notebooks, surfing through the websites or busy in online chatting with friends within/ ex traneous the classroom network.The opposition criticizing the use of the internet in the classrooms says that it provides students a large space to wander their minds rather than concentrating on the lectures given to them. They also say that what one cornerstone find on the internet? is just the information. Where as teachers provide students with the knowledge, combining the information with references and the practical experience faced by them. Contradicting with the concept of multitasking the opposing school of thought says that students get involved in so many tasks that they forget about their main task, on which they should be concentrating on.In a nutshell, it can be concluded that NO doubt that the introduction of digital notebooks and internet in the classrooms is a great achievement and provides great benefits to the students. There should be a check on the students to make sure that they are not using these facilities in negative ways. All not related websites should b e blocked in the classrooms so that students concentrate and get the best out of it.Works CitedA Book David, E. Electronic Whistle-Stops. Praeger Publishers. (1998). Rachel, A. K. Innovative Approaches To Literacy Education. International Reading Association. (April 2005).

Changing nature of the family

Changing spirit of the familyIntroductionThis essay consists of debates from three different social science perspectives analysing the step forward of the changing nature of the family.The main argument of the essay is that the ,what reasons lead phenomenon of lone parent families and how it affects to society with focus on the Economics ,Sociology and Anthropology .This study will poke into the long term effects of family break up on children from lone parent families in comparison to the intact families. The major objective of this essay is to ascertain the result to which the life experiences of children who experienced paternal marital disruption differ from those whose parents remained together.Main bodyDespite the fact that what our society as a whole focuses heap on family creation ,the individual(a) parent lifestyle becomes more and more popular. However singles are non monolithic social group as among them is dissolved, widowers and widows, and also those who nonwi thstanding never married.Economic perspectivesFirstly ,from the economic perspectives it will explain The reckon of single parent double increased since the 1970s and It actor is par of wider patterns of change in family structure. (Jane Millar 1991.p247) .According to Jane Millar, these changes in family structure represent, some problems for social policy, especially such problems as state financial support of families. The British establishment of social protection of families it has been based on three important points, the most important form of family support was with mans wages which help the state replace downstairs certain conditions. (For interpreter in such cases as unemployment ,illnesses , inability or death.)Besides laws in Great Britain run through been based on the idea and they meant that when the char will marry, their husbands would care of them. (Jane Lewis 1997, p.52) Actually, anything above is not correct more because of revolutionary changes in a rol e, the status and fundamental understanding of principles of marriage and expectations of a centering of life.The increasing number of lonely parental families mentions and causes the basic problems about balance between a family and the state and separate financial duties and about roles of men and women as the parent and as workers. In 1991, it was the certificate of the Birth grant which has been carried out since 1993, represents attempt to change this balance, entering the new mechanism for settlement and the instruction of fee of service for children. (Kahn and Kamerman,1988 p248)Sociology perspectivesSecondly the most appreciable phenomenon characterising infringements of unity of a family are divorces. They promote comprehension by the person as imperfections of a family, and its social importance, it at the same time all members of the family will get strong stress or even may cause illness and the valuable knowledge connected with the nature of the individual.Divorces i n modern societies became the mass phenomenon. Their growth confirms the theory of the known philosopher of (M.Heidegger) about loss by the modern person of roots 216, with. 106. Nevertheless both parents in done for(p) family exercise less supervision over their child than parents exercise in intact families.(Jan Pryor and bryan Rodgers 2001,p 101). When parent divorce, often brings big changing life on children. For example there may be some changes like moving to a new place, house or moving to a new school . exhalation of friendship and other familiar environment can switch on such changes in a family in itself (Sandler, Tein and the West, 1994) .For which its the potential factor, a source of many psihologo-pedagogical, mediko-social, socially-legal, is material-household and other problems suffer.Growth of number of the terminated marriages so, and children in the dissolved families in UK it is imposed on the processes accompanying an economic crisis (socially-legal vulnera bility, poverty, unemployment and so forth) In this connection the problems generated by divorce, are perceived more sharply. Unfortunately, in the domestic family-demographic policy and social practice there was no concept of protection of children in a divorce situation, the complex and system approach to the decision of their problems is not developed, possibilities of minimisation of destructive consequences of divorces are a little used. The steady tendency of increase in number of the dissolved families does not allow to hope for fast elimination of the phenomenon and compels, along with measures on reduction of number of divorces, to bring an attention to the question on seek of ways of optimisation of process of socialisation of minors within the limits of the broken most up family, that is about preventive maintenance and indemnification of negative consequences of parental rupture for children. These circumstances do actual a theme of the given work.Despite the fact that lone parents have more skills on growing of children, single parents arise often difficulties with discipline and behavior of child problems. Single parents usually step ups stirred up by children or teenagers with difficult character and it is simple not in a condition to support the same level of discipline which can be in a family with both parents. Children of single parent family appear in problem situations and child have usually less parental control, than children who lives with both parents.Moreover Single- parents can be both fathers, and mothers, they can not birth skills on education. When the father contains a family, it should be sensitive to female problems, as well as to problems of boys if father has a daughter. Usually fathers are considered as those who brings stead money and no more. In case of lone parents, the father should be able all gradually and replace a role of mum in a family.Even, when there are both parents, who transfer there back the child every w eek, should try to create the uniform environment for the child without dependency how they concern to each other. Everyone parents, actually, single parents should remain within certain parametres so that the child did not feel as if it or it can press on one or other parent. The discipline should be uniform and it is impossible to allow for the child to divide parents, simply.Final referencing1 ) Nowadays men and women, have no limits of choosing work any more, both become are equal. As a consequence they can be now less confident the match of a male and not the dependent in general. (Jane Lewis, 1997, p.104) 2 ) nado ili nenado ?Field(1989) argues that one of the main divisions currently emerging is that between lone mothers locked into long-term dependency on welfare benefits and others who pass through lone parenthood for brief periods .The stigma connected with single parents and children of single parents, is saved. Scientists continue to find the consent by the nature and size of family effects of structure on children. Some believed that the family structure negatively affects on the development of the child while others have accepted the fact what even with single parents there are some evidences that children have completely developed emotionally and intellectually despite their circumstances agree (Hawkins and 1991 Eggebeen), unlike a stereotypic kind of single parental house sparing as is integral imperfect, the majority of single parents provides structure, values and nurturance which their children require despite problems and critical remarks which they face. Their houses are not broken, their lives are not unfortunate, and their children can have problems, but most finally to prosper. (Walsh, 2003, p123) it is similar Petterson (2001) also asserted that successful single parental house economy throw down a challenge to concept that the most healthy structure demands two parents.

Analysis of Brand Management Strategy for Shoe Company

Analysis of check off Management Strategy for Shoe CompanyChapter 1 Introduction1. IntroductionThis dissertation is comprised of leaf blade evolution and sum various steps involved to construct it. The creation and importance of stain Awargonness, brand Image, and Brand Loyalty is discussed followed by the evaluation of Servis gross revenue Corporation as how booming Brand they are in Shoe industry of Pakistan. Servis Sales Corporation claims to be the largest retail shoe sellers of Pakistan therefore seek is held on the gild as what are the various trade strategies SSC adopted to gain such(prenominal) a large market share. Steps to create commemorate inscription amongst their tar take a leak market and implementing effective fool management are set forth of this explore.Branding is the main ingredient in the process of creating stable reputation, identicalness and strong image of a caller-out and is always a first requirement to have competitive edge, this create awa reness and work as a positive gesture towards customers to be crossroad or station loyal. As the Chairman of Quaker Oats Ltd, John Stuart said, if this business were to be split up, I would be glad to take the tell ons, trademark and good volition and you could have it all the bricks and mortar and I would fare better than you . Leslie De Chernatony(2001 p1)In this era of globalization every ships company wishes to grow and expand their businesses in order to attain a healthy position in throat cutting world of business . In this attempt companies faces many challenges and went by means of many challenges by their rivals and most of all providing customers satisfaction.1.1 Background StudyThe term patsy arrived form the ancient S preservedinavian word meaning to burnRita C swoton, John Simmons, Sameena Ahmad (2004 13).The original term was developed to signify the source or shed well-off onr or owner of a growth or item.Now a days rat is use upd to identify service or pro ducts manufacturer or seller, when we go through we see that many of the many modern constructs of give aways and bluring were formalised in the United States at a Procter Gamble company in the late 1800s. We get a good use of importance of tick off when we talk or so Virgin which is currently at the face of hundred business strategies.A mark off will be a strong score if peoples determines match the values of brand. Brandings means adding value to the productMarieke K de Mooij (2005 96)Brand stands for a reputation, you are always reputed when you are always reputed when you make a promise and fulfil it. Brand is more(prenominal) the like a human nature not just a visual, public identity or a picture. Every single who is part of the organization represents the brand of the company and pay its part to construct it. The brand is a performance footfalld and recorded in interaction of every area involves customers investors, employees business partners and media(www.thebran dconsultancy.com)Its quite name that every company is conscious about its brand loyalty amongst its customers because they know this if they are successful in managing the brand loyalty of their existing customers which is companys strategic asset it will automatically add huge value to unswerving.As Douglas B states that Brand Loyalty is the customers willingness to stay with brand when competitor come knocking with fling that would be considered equally attractive had not to the customer and brand shared a history. The layer of customer stickiness is the place to the brands market power.Douglas B. Holt (2004 p 149)Merlo (2003) mentions that the brand loyalty is rewarded by an increase in profit through ingeminate business, referral sales, decreased customer aliment costs and reduced exposure to price competition.When we talk about creating and enhancing brand loyalty we see that there are not-too complex ways of increasing brand loyalty. Companies lot learn to recoer from mistakes. A good recoery can turn angry, frustrated customers into a loyal ones. Companies must handle problems and complaints with Care- Communicate, Acknowledgement, respect and deliberate and empathy(Merlo, 2003)1.2 Statement of ProblemGlobal challenges straightaway have forced companies not to have their business image within their home land except to give out their identity across the borders by managing brand, securing the product or a service of companies and building loyalty among customers to achieve maximum and lasting competitive edge.The aim of the explore is to evaluate the brand management of Servis Sales Corporation by analyzing their market strategies. enquiry c everywheres the analysis that how successful SSC today is in gaining brand loyalty as it is considered to be the biggest footwear seller in Pakistan.1.3 Aim and ObjectivesThe main Objective of the research is the finding that to what level SSC is successful in imperialising Brand Management to take on positive effect on their customers perception and has given SSC a competitive edge, as they are Pakistans largest shoe company.Core Objectives of ResearchTo analyze marketing strategies of Servis Shoes Company leading to effective brand management giving SSC a positive brand image amongst their target market.To acknowledge various strategies adapted by SSC to enhance brand loyalty amongst their customers?To find out what steps Servis Shoes Company took to create its Brand awareness amongst its target market and what are the areas they still need to focus upon.To identify the involvement of consumers to the brand as in wherefore they prefer a extra brand (Servis) on every early(a) different brands available in the market.1.4 Report StructureThis report will be organized as follows books ReviewThe literature review of this report covers understanding and benefit of effective brand management that how people connect to them. Chapter includes importance of creating and enhancing awa reness among consumers followed by the concepts and historical perspective of brand loyalty giving a wider view of the perception about brand loyalty and its strategic values.Company IntroductionThis chapter consist of the skand so forth introduction to Servis Sales Corporation, giving a wider view of their leading position in shoe line in Pakistan amongst their rivals. This chapter shows company background and demographics with the facts and figures about their spread out business nationwide.Research MethodologyIn this chapter different method of research is discussed. It to a fault focuses on research philosophy principle, quantitative and qualitative analysis and petty(a) and primary data. After studying the methods and techniques different methods are identified which is most suitable to get the reliable and most accurate data? Which is apply in research?Finding and AnalysisAfter completing the research, the data gathered through different sources from the company are analy sed in this chapter, which is rationaliseed with chart and then it is moderated with the findings. demonstrationThis chapter involves conclusion and the result in the light of findings with literature. Analysis of research finding and result are discussed, Recommendation to company and except research is also the part of this chapter.Literature ReviewScott Galloway declared a very good definition showing importance of brands in todays world of marketing that Brand is the face of a business strategy ( Scott Galloway in Alker, 2000 33)another well appreciated definition of brand given by American Marketing railroad tie cited in (Kotler 2003 418) A brand is name, term, sign, symbol, or services of one seller or a group of seller to differentiate them from those of competitors.A brand is basically a marketers promise to deliver a specific set of features, benefits and services consistently to buyers. The marketer must think that he is offering a contract to the customer about how t he brand will perform ( kotler 2003)Le Pla et ala, (2003 3) give a more profound and in depth definition of brand Brand is the interaction betwixt core company ( product or service ) strengths and what is customer value . Company strengths are what company does well. The things that the customers value include the benefits of a products features, as well as what the customer see as the ongoing worth of a descent with the company.According to Kapferer (1997 56), Products are smother the brand is what gives them a meaning and purpose, telling us how a product should be read. A brand is both a prism and a magnifying supply through which products can be decoded.Renault invites us to perceive its models as cars for living.. brands guide our perception of products. Hence it can clearly be seen from the above carve up that branding goes a long way in giving a distinct identity to a product.Rowley (1997) explains that brand communicates with consumers, according too him when consumers are acquainted(predicate) with a brand, they expect the same qualities, benefits and advantages from products or services which are provided under that specific brand, this easily makes their decision in favour of the brand instead of scrutinizing or gathering information regarding products fulfilling their requirements. Therefore, it can be suggested that brand accelerates consumers process of decision making as it provides two different ways of communication between suppliers and their consumers (Rowley, 1997)Effective Brand ManagementThe concept of brand management was developed at Procter Gamble in the US in the year 1930 and is also knows as product management .Ambler (200382).The main think behind Brand management is to secure the products future and services any company or organization, and this is only possible with the formulation loyalty amongst customers creating emotional as well as rational values. This results sales in market place and stimulating mask on the per ception of a companys products .If brand power is tied together in a proper way organization can easily maximize market share and corporate profitability. Brands if handled and managed sensibly can provide their owners a considerable benefits and rewards.Davis (2002 6) says that the following benefits accure to the company that manages is brands effectivelyLoyalty derives repeat business- A recent study by Bob Pasikoff, president of brand keys, shows that an increase in customer loyalty of only 5% can lift lifetime profit per customer by as much as 100%.Premiums price of brand allow higher margins Starbucks represents the ultimate example of a strong brand driving a premium price resulting in greater profit.Strong Brands lend immediate credibility to new one in product introductions. A well established brands can provide instant credibility for a new product. Gillettes Marc 3 became number one individual(prenominal) shaver within a month of its launch.Strong brand allow for greate r shareholder and stakeholder returns. One can see a good example is Yahoo and GE are big brands with even bigger shareholder returns.Strong Brand embody a clear, valued, and sustainable point of differentiation relative to competition No one can FedExs claim of overnight delivery.Loyal customer base and strong brand make customer forgive for the the mistakes do by the company, if a company makes a mistake for instance, the strike at the Saturn car plant had little impact on Saturns loyalty or sales.The lever for attracting best employees along with keeping satisfied customers is Brand Strength Companies like coca-cola, Microsoft, Intel, Disney etc. are almost always in the put across bracket of contemplate which measures employee satisfaction.It is obvious that its a difficult thing to build and maintain a brand reputation like Coke, Microsoft, Nike, General Electric, etc and as David D Alessandro, President of John Hancock Mutual Life insurance, in Klein (2000 145), it can take 100 days too build up a good brand and 30 days to knock it down.Effect of Brand on People ( How People connect to them)Scott Davis( 2002) says that, Brands are at to the lowest degree in part a set of promises made to consumer. The leading brand travel a particular PATH in the human mind. This PATH is an acronym for promise, acceptance, self-assertion and hope. Certainly this PATH is intangible and cannot be co modified. But he then mentions that these very intangibles make a customer choose Sony over JVC and Nike over Reebok. The following are the customers perceptions vis--vis a strong brand (Davis, 2002)72% of customer sat that they will pay a 20% premium for their brand of choice, relative to the closest competitive brand.25% of customer state that price matter if they are buying a brand that owns their loyalty.Over 50% of grease ones palmss are brand driven.Peer recommendation influences almost 30% of all purchases made today.More than 50% of consumers believe a strong brand allows for more successful new product introductions and they are more willing to try a new product from a preferent brand because of the implied endorsement.The view of Le Pla et al, (2002 3) is that a strong brand is much more than an image or a logo. People emotionally identify with a strong brand and relationship with such a brand makes them feel more secure and comfortable. This is completely in sync with Kotlers ( 2003) example of a consumer buying a Mercedes because the car ( which is also a strong brand) makes him feel more important and admired. Aaker (1991) suggests that anything which a consumer realises about a brand can be defined as brand association it according to him it create positive consumer strengths towards brands, thus influence consumer buying decision process.Kapferer (1997) says that brand is like a living memory. The memory factor explains why individuals preferences endure and why within a given generation people continue to prefer the brands th ey liked between the ages of seven and eighteen ( Guest 1964, hot up et al., 1973, Jacoby et al., 1978 in Kapferer 1997). This is proof, if it was ever needed, that strong brands do have a long-term effect on people.It is imperative now to take a more focussed look on the one-third constructs that constitute the basis of this study. The first to be analysed will be brand awareness followed by brand loyalty and brand image.Brand Awarenessa number of the definition if the term Brand Awareness abound, a fundamental definition of the term is given by Aaker(1991 61) Brand Awareness is the ability of a potential buyer to recognize or generate that a brand is a member of certain product course of instruction.David Aakers (1991) ground braking work managing brand equity details with the concept of brand awareness comprehensively. Hence, it has been use here as a main reference, although it has been complimented with other readings.Aaker says that brand awareness involves a link betwee n the product class and the brand. For example, the use of the large balloon with the word Levis on it may make the name more salient, but it will not may needfully abet improve brand awareness. However if the balloon is shaped to resemble a pair of Levis 301 jeans , the link to the product is provided, the balloons effectiveness at creating awareness is enhanced. Aaker (1991).By using the brand, perceiving it and being confronted with it through advertising, consumers learn about its meanings. All this information is connected associatively to the brand name. the richer this associative network is, and the stronger the associations the greater the chance of consumers thinking.Levels of Brand AwarenessBrand Awareness involves the continuum ranging from an uncertain feeling that the brand is recognised, to a belief that it is the only one in the product class. This continuum is presented in the Awareness Pyramids ( Aaker 19991 62)Levels of Brand Awareness ( Aaker, 1991)Aaker stat ed that the minimal level of brand is mention which is based upon aided recall test where respondents are given a set of brand in a product category and asked to identify those that they had perceive of before. Thus, although there needs to be link between the brand and the product class, it needs not to be strong. Brand comprehension is particularly important when a buyer chooses a brand at the point of purchases (Aaker 1991 62).Franzen et al, ( 2001) stated that the situations in which none of the choice alternatives is well represented in or memory, brand familiarity ( recognition) will be the determinant in the choice process. The purchases in which consumers regularly choose and re-choose because of the awareness stored in his memory, aided brand awareness i.e. brand recognition has scarcely any significance.If we see further we see that brand recall is the further level dependent on asking a person to name brand in a product class. This is Unaided recall because , unlike i n the recognition task, the responded is not aided by having names provide. Unaided recall is a substantially more difficult task then recognition, and is associated with a stronger brand position. The first named brand in an unaided recall task has achieved fall out-of-mind awareness. (Aaker 1991)Strategic esteem of Brand AwarenessBrand Awareness provides a sustainable competitive advantage and can be a key strategic asset for the company ( Aaker 1998)The following are the banifits of creating a higher brand awareness ( Aaker 1991 63) ( Figure 3)Anchor to which other association can be attached Brand Recognition is the first basic step in the communication task. It usually is wasteful to attempt to communicate brand attributes until a name is established with which to associate the attributes.Familiarity/ propensity Awareness provides the brand with fimilarity and people like the familiar. They are prepared to ascribe all sorts of good attitudes to items that are familiar to the m ( Aaker et al., 2000). Especially for low involvement products like soap, chewing gum, sugar , facial tissues etc., familiarity can some times drive the buying decision.Substance/ Commitment Name awareness can be a signal of presence, commitment and substance, an attribute very important to consumer buyers of durables. The logic is that if a name is recognised, there must be a reason likeThe wet is widely distributed.The firm has advertised extensively.The brand is successful-others use it.Even if the person has not been exposed to advertising and knows little about, brand awareness could lead to the assumptions that the firm is substantial and backs the brand with advertising.Brands to consider The role of brand recall (discussed earlier) is crucial for frequently purchased products like coffee, detergent, serials et. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between top of mind recall and attitude/purchase behaviour. One such study, of six brands in the three product c lasses (Fast food, Soda and banking), showed large differences in preferences and purchase presumable hood, depending on weather the brand was first, second or third mentioned in an unaided recall task (Woodside and Wilson, 1985 in Aaker, 1991). Sometimes it is possible that people recall brands that they dislike strongly.Benefits of Brand Awareness (Aaker 1991)A number of research workers besides Aaker have also demonstrated that brand awareness is a particularly important concept relative to brand evaluation in predicting and explaining consumer choice behaviour. For instance, Arch G (1996 38) refered to Axelrod (1968 , 1986) demonstrated that top-of-mind awareness (TOMA) of a brand is a sensitive and stable measure than can serve as an intermediate criterion for predicting brand-choice behaviour and brand-switching behaviour. Axelrod (1968) in Aech G(1996 38) emphasized the needs for developing valid and reliable intermediate survey indicators of whether marketing and advertis ing influence product and brand choice behaviour because of the greater expense and time necessary for experiments to measure the impact of marketing and advertising actions on such behaviour.Haley et al, (1979 in Holden et al., 1992) postulated that brand awareness is more important than attitude. This nation was supported by Hauser (1978 in Holden et al .,1992) who, using an information theoretic approach, account that the probability of inclusion of the brand in the evoke ( recalled ) set accounts for more variation in brand choice thus brand attitude (Holden et al., 1992) alike to Aaker ( 1991), Holden et al, (1992) also say that in the case of low involvement purchase, Brand recall may be reason enough to buy the brand ( that has been recalled in like manner a high degree of brand awareness is linked to higher sales due to the factor of Social desirability . Most people take to the woods to behave according to the expectations of their social environment, even when it goes a gainst their own opinion. If they are aware of the brand, they will have a tendency to buy it because it is the socially desirably thing to do ( Franzen et al., 2001).Copeland (1923 287) talked about the benefits of brand awareness as follows if the consumers previous acquaintance with the brand has been favourable, or if the manufacturers and dealers advertising has made favourable impression, other things being equal, the recognised brand will be selected from among other unrecognised brands.Creating and Enhancing Brand AwarenessBecause consumers are bombarded everyday by more and more marketing messages, the challenge of creating awareness is considerable ( Aaker, 1996).The best approach for every brand to create and maintain brand awareness depends upon the context but the following do server as good points ( Aaker, 1991 72) Be Different, Memorable An Awareness message should provide a reason to be noticed and it should be memorable. There are many tacks that work but one key i s to simply be different and unusual.Involve a slogan or jangle A Slogan or a Jingle can make a big difference. Slogans like it floats or Just do it can help recall. For a product class like soap, it ability be easier to come up with it floats and then Ivory, rather than to name Ivory directly. The link to the slogan might be stronger because it involves a product characterstic that can be visualised. Similarly, a jingle also is vey powerful awareness device.Symbol exposure A symbol can play a major role in creating and maintaining awareness because it involves a visual image which is much easier to learn and to recall than a word or a phrase.Event Sponsorship The primary role of most event sponsorship is to crate or maintain awareness. For example, the Benson and Hedges Cricket world cup, the Mercedes super 9- tennis tournament etc.It must be noted that the strongest brand are managed not for strategic awareness. It is one thing to be remembered it is quite another to be remem bered for the right reason ( Aaker, 1996).Brand LoyaltyEvery companys endeavour is to increase its brand loyalty in order to retain as many consumers as possible and it can be well assumed when we see that in 2000, the NDP Group, an international market research company in New York, conducted a survey that half of 20,000 respondents who described themselves as loyal to a company one year were no longer loyal the next. According to Frederic Rechheld, founder of Boston-based consulting firm Bain and Company, the number American company loses half of its customers every five yearsThe next economyBy Elliott Ettenberg, NetLibrary, Inc (2001 34)The Brand Loyalty concept from Historical Perspective foreign to what some people believe brand loyalty has existed for a long time in the realm of marketing. Copeland (1923) first introduced this concept around 80 years ago. He talks about three ascending stages of brand loyalty-consumer reorganisation ( when the product is recognised and bought from among a host of unrecognised products), consumer preference ( when pervious use or advertising has created a favourable preference in the consumers mind) and consumer insistence. The third stage is the pinnacle of brand loyalty where the consumer approaches the purchase of an article with the attitude that he will accept no substitute ( Copeland, 1923).Different Perceptions of Brand Loyalty Brand Loyalty is the biased behavioural response expressed over time by some decision making unit with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands.More recently, the concept of loyalty have evolved further, encompassing a rich diversity of dimensions underlying the relationship that a customer may entertain with a brand.Martin et al.,(2004217) referred Olivers statement in his book Loyalty involves a favourable attitude towards the brand or organisation and positive re-purchase intentions. This can be further understood by investigating the element of loyalty.Cognit ive Loyalty, in which the brand is cognitively compared with alternatives ( generally on functional grounds)Affective loyalty, in which the customer likes the brand or organisation as a result of previous satisfying experiencesConative Loyalty, which reflects an intention to re-purchase action loyalty, which relates to a deeply held commitment to rebuy or repatronise a preferred product/services consistently in future despite situational influences and marketing effort having the potential to cause switching behaviour ( Oliver 1999 cited in Martin et al.,(2004217)In (2001) Chaudhuri and Holbroo stated couple of characteristic of brand loyalty purchase loyalty and attitudinal loyalty mentioned by mentioned by Marion Maguire(2007), Behavioural, or purchase loyalty consist of repeated purchase of the brand, whereas attitudinal brand loyalty includes a degree to the authors, purchase loyalty leads to greater market share because of higher levels of repeat purchase among their users. It is found in the research that consumers perception about price of brands is not linked to brand loyalty. Another suggestion given by Dick and Basu (1994) says that loyalty related marketing advantages, such as favourable word of mouth, which, in turn might increase market share.But the findings of DallOlmo Riley et al. (1997) discerned that the attitudinal loyalty of many individual consumers appears to be fickle, According to them, various studies (by Achenbaum, 1982 repeat responses ranging about 50% in individual attitudinal answers (e.g. Taste Nice) at two subsequent times, independent of the attitude scales used and from the length of the interval between interviews. Overall their interpretation was that specific attitudinal beliefs do not seem to be very strongly held but vary stochastically ( in random manner) (DallOlmo Riley et al., 1997)Rothschild (1987) at the university of Wisconsin, evaluated brand loyalty as encompassing only the behavioural aspect. He suggests that a p sychological process that may explain brand loyalty is the one of behaviourism. The central concept of behavioural learning theory is that behaviour that is positively reinforced is likely to reoccur while that which is not reinforced, or punished, will be extinguished. Consumers become loyal to brands that are reinforcing to them good decision are reinforces while poor decisions are not ( Rothschild, 1987). Dekimpe et al, (1997) also share Rothschilds (1987) view and say that the approach is justified as behaviour is observable and hence easier to measure.Richard Elliott and Larry Precy quoted Franzen (1999) saying that loyalty brand users have a high degree of bonding with the brand and do not show much of an urge to switch. Its basically the bonding here meant was part of brand equity but it necessarily doesnt need to be a function of brand equity. also if its contribution is there. Loyalty of a brand may be not familiar or it can be the high cost of switching to another brand. But when there is a genuine preferences involved it really contribute to brad equity.Quester et al, (2003) say that the behavioural approach to Brand Loyalty (taken by Rothschild, 1987 Dekimpe et al., 1997) many present an over simplistic view of the construct. Behavioural definitions are low to explain how and why brand loyalty is developed and modified in consumers ( Dick and Basu, 1994 in Quester et al., 2003). Repeatedly buying a brand (behavioural approach) may reflect only the convenience inherent in the repetitive and habitual behaviour rather than any real commitment to the brand purchased (Quester et al., 2003).Habituals as termed by (Knox 1997) in Quester and Lim., 2003) display only behavipural loyalty and are very likely to switch brands if there routine purchases cycle is disturbed. For habituals and /or spurious loyals. The brand is not closely tied to the consumers belief system, so they can be easily attracted by a competing brand that offers a better deal, a coup on etc. Behavioural definitions, therefore, essentially fail to distinguish between habitual or spurious loyalty and true ( or international) loyalty and it may be misleading to infer brand loyalty from merely overt purchase behaviour (Quester et al.,2003 27).Fournier et al, (1997) have analysed the concept of brand loyalty in new light and have come up with some very interesting insight regarding the same. According to them, (1997) a major assumption while reaching the concept of Brand Loyalty is that loyalty process is a Black and white quality. This tendency towards dichotomy not only precludes attention to loyalty levels and type, but also blinds the researcher to the value that may exist in relationship classified as Disloyal ( Fournier et al. 1997)The research of eight brand loyal coffee drinkers by Fournier et al, (1997) revealed three intriguing loyal consumer-brand relationships namely martial commitment, falling in love consumers brand relationships namely martial commitm ent, falling in love and best friendship. all(prenominal) of the above relationships share a strong and meaningful life theme connection that adds significant value in the consumers mind.On the other side, Fournier et al ., (1997) also found some rather piquant Non-Loyal Relationships. One of the interviewees shared meaningful relationships with not one, rather three coffee brands. Financial limitations prevented him from bonding only when to one brand. By connecting at the level of kinship, a portfolio of brand candidates that at first glance appears as a set of interchangeable substitutes is revealed as a family of meaningful partners in the consumer-brand environment (Fournier et al., 1997 463).Fournier at al, (1997) say that the existing brand loyalty measurement process emphasizes share-of-use over the strength and character of brand relationship form. This approach is flawed in their opinion because As with people expressions of loyalty need not be associated with exclusivit y, but with emotional tenor and sincerity of intentions over time. Also, like normal human relationship, brand loyalty may sour overtime and subsequently change.In accepting the power of both Brand and Consumer to move the relationship, loyalty is better appreciated as a dynamic phenomenon (Fournier et al., 1997 467). A consumer-based conception of loyalty that recognizes multi-brand relationlity and the delicacy of even a strongest of consumer-brand bonds seems more aligned with the realities of todays variety-filled marketplace. (Firat and Venkatesh, 1995 in Fournier et al., 1997)The biggest criticism of the work of Fournier et al, (1997) is actually acknowledged by their own selves when